1. GLORY LILY Jann Andre H. Padua Rhowell N. Tiozon Jr. III - BSCT

2. TAXONOMY b Kingdom : Plantae b Phylum : Magnoliophyta b Class : Liliopsida b Order : Liliales b Family : Liliaceae b Genus : Gloriosa b Species superba

3. VERNACULAR NAMES b K alihari in Hindi b Kal-lavi in Marathi b Manthori khizangu in Malayalam b Kazhappai kizhangu in Tamil b Flame Lily, Glory Lily, Tiger Claw in English

4. BOTANY AND ORIGIN b Gloriosa is a native of tropical Asia and Africa. The genus derives its name from the Latin word gloriosus, referring to the flowers. It is found growing throughout tropical India, from the North -West Himalayas to Assam and the Deccan peninsula.

5. BOTANY AND ORIGIN b It is also found growing in Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Indo-China, Bangladesh, Malaysia Myanmar, Indonesia and on the adjacent island.

6. BOTANICAL FEATURE b It is an herbaceous, climbing perennial, growing between 3.5 to 6m in length, but usually trained at 1.5m above ground level.

7. TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE GLORIOSA SUPERBA

8. GLORIOSA SUPERBA

9. GLORIOSA SUPERBA

10. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS b Cornigerine b 3-demethyl-N-formyl-N-deacetyl-β- lumicolchicine b 3-demethyl-g-lumicolchicine b 3-demethyl colchicines b colchicocide b gloriosine

11. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS b tannins b superbine b β -sitosterol b Glucoside b a long chain fatty acid b β and g-lumiccolchicines

12. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS b Luteolin b colchicines b N-formylde b acetylcolchicines b glucosides of 3-demethylcolchicine

13. CHEMICALS ON EACH PART

14. COLCHICINE and GLORIOSINE b They are pale yellow to greenish yellow alkaloids. b They are considered as phytochemicals which is concentrated on the tubers.

15. COLCHICINE

16. GLORIOSINE

17. MODE OF ACTION b Colchicine has an antimitotic effect – It stops cell division by disrupting the spindle apparatus during the metaphase – Cells with rapid turnover are affected (bone marrow, intestinal epithelium, hair- producing cells -> hair loss) – It can alter neuromuscular function

18. CLINICAL FEATURES OF POISONING b Initial symptoms develop within 6-12 hours of ingestion - pain, numbness, itching and tingling around the mouth and throat with thirst - nausea, intense vomiting - abdominal pain, severe diarrhoea with blood and mucus

19. CLINICAL FEATURES OF POISONING b These lead to – electrolyte imbalance - dehydration - hypovolaemic shock manifested - hypotension - tachycardia

20. CLINICAL FEATURES OF POISONING b After 24 hours patients develop – Muscle weakness, myoglobinuria, bronchial constriction, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, clotting defects with bleeding, polyneuropathy cardiac arrhythmias, hepatic insufficiency, acute renal failure.

21. CLINICAL FEATURES OF POISONING b In severe cases, there may be: – Respiratory depression, confusion, delirium, convulsions, coma b Death occurs due to shock or respiratory failure

22. DIAGNOSIS b Toxicological analysis b Biomedical analysis b blood gas analysis b hematological analysis

23. TREATMENT b hospitalize the patient immediately b induce vomiting (ipecac) / gastric lavage b give repeated activated charcoal b supportive care eg IV fluid, assisted ventilation may be needed

24. ETHNO-MEDICAL IMPORTANCE b According to ayurveda, tuber is pungent, bitter, acrid, heating, anthemirtic, laxative, alexiteric, abortifacient and useful in ulcers, gonorrhea, leprosy, piles, inflammations, abdominal pains, itching and thirst.

25. ETHNO-MEDICAL IMPORTANCE b Tubers are also used as antifertility purpose.  The root paste is used for curing gout, stomach ache, abortion purpose in intermittent fever, wounds.

26. ETHNO-MEDICAL IMPORTANCE b It can be administered to a delivered mother along with spirituous drink to give relieve to her postnatal complaints and also if its root paste smeared over the palms and feet of a pregnant woman, delivery of child becomes easier.

27. ETHNO-MEDICAL IMPORTANCE b Leaves of Glory lily have more medicinal qualities, namely for curing asthma, its juice is effective against lice and also against many skin disorders and treatment of various respiratory disorders.

28. PROMISING BENEFIT b Analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential = gout and rheumatism b Antimicrobial properties – antibacterial and antifungal potential.antibacterial and antifungal potential. Candida albicans and Candida glaberata.Candida albicans and Candida glaberata.

29. PROMISING BENEFIT b Larvicidal Potential= larvae of malaria vector and cattle tick. b Antithrombotic/Anticoagulent potential = thrombin induced clot b Antitumor potential= cytogenic for P-388 cell line

30. PROMISING BENEFIT b Enzyme inhibition potential LipoxygenaseLipoxygenase acetylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterasebutyrylcholinesterase ureas.ureas. b Treatment of snake bite (neutralize)

31. THANK Y Y Y YOU “Life is like a Pandora’s Box. There may be too many harm it may done to us but it depends on us on how we are going to make this harm for our advantage” - Anonymous