1. NHPA Mental Health

2. According to the World Health Organization, mental health is defined as a ‘state of wellbeing in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community’. Mental illness is a broad term for a group of conditions. The two most common types of mental illness are anxiety and mood disorders (sometimes called affective disorders), particularly depression.

3. Reasons for Selection The primary goal of this National Health Priority Area is to reduce the loss of health, wellbeing and social functioning associated with mental health problems and mental disorders. one of the leading causes of non-fatal burden of disease and injury in Australia with 45.5% of Australians aged 16–85 years (7.3 million people) experiencing a mental disorder over their lifetime. In 2011–12, there were 3 million Australians (13.6%) who reported having a mental and behavioural condition. it is estimated that up to 45 per cent of Australians will experience mental illness at some stage in their lives (Australia’s health 2010) prevention and treatment strategies, such as medication and therapy, can be extremely effective in managing the condition the rates of reported cases of mental illness have increased in the Australian population in recent years

4. Determinants as Risk Factors Biological determinants AGE Depression is more common at certain stages of life. The age range of 18 to 24 years is when women are most at risk, whereas for males the risk seems highest at 35 to 40 years. People aged over 65 years are also at greater risk of depression for a number of reasons, such as illness, loneliness, bereavement and isolation. SEX Females seem to be at greater risk of mental health issues than males. Statistically, approximately twice as many females suffer from depression as males (this number could be reflected by the fact that women are more likely to seek help); however, the number of deaths attributed to mental disorders in 2009 was higher for males than females.

5. Determinants as Risk Factors Behavioural determinants ALCOHOL USE Consuming alcohol to risky levels is a risk factor for mental illness. Alcohol can contribute to or trigger mental health problems in people. ILLICIT DRUG USE Illicit drug use (including inhalants and the non-medical use of prescribed drugs) is a risk factor for mental illness. Commonly reported mental illnesses linked to drug use include anxiety, depression, paranoia, panic attacks and psychosis. Physical environment CLIMATE Living in rural areas affected by drought might contribute to an increased rate of depression, stress and anxiety. Australians living in drought-affected rural areas had twice the rate of self-reported mental health problems compared to those not living in drought-affected rural areas.

6. Costs Associated Direct Individual Mental health problems are often associated with ongoing treatment such as medication and counselling, for which the individual must often make a co-payment. Direct Community Community costs include the contributions made through Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for medical services and medication.

7. Costs Associated Indirect Individual inability to work. During times of increased anxiety or depression, the individual may not be able to work, which reduces income and lowers socioeconomic status. Family members providing care may also have to take time off work or school. paying for services. Some people experiencing mental illness won’t be able to complete their normal activities and may have to pay for someone to perform those activities. Indirect Community lost productivity if the individual is unable to work social security payments. The government may pay social security benefits to assist the individual with living costs if they are unable to work as a result of their condition.

8. Costs Associated Intangible Individual: The individual suffering from the condition, as well as their family, friends, work colleagues and society in general, feel the impact of mental illness. Intangible Community: Family members may have to take time out from their normal activities to care for the sufferer. Sometimes children have to look after parents with mental illness, which can have a range of effects on their lives. They may miss school and not be able to socialise with their friends or play organised sport. There may be heightened levels of anxiety while the person undergoes treatment (especially if they are a risk to themselves or others).

9. Health Promotion Program beyondblue, the National Depression Institute KidsMatter. Created by the Australian Government and a range of non-government organisations, KidsMatter aims to create positive environments to promote mental health in children in preschools, day care centres and primary schools. SenseAbility

10. Activities Complete ‘Ruby and her costs’ Complete ‘Coroner to get detailed picture of suicide’ Complete Questions: 4, 6, 7