1. EE345 - Micro-Controllers An Overview Prof. Ahmad Abu-El-Haija haija@just.edu.jo

2. October 6, 2015Digital System Design2 Acknowledgement This presentation is a modified version of lecture notes prepared by Dr. Pradondet Nilagupta, Kasetsart University. The latter is also a modified version based upon presentations by Prof. Maciej Ciesielski and Prof. Tilman Wolf, University of Massachusetts Amherst, and original slides from the publisher.

3. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers3 Course Outline Digital System and Binary Numbers Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates Gate-Level Minimization Combinational Logic Circuits & Design Synchronous Sequential Logic Design Registers and Counters Programmable Interface Controller (PIC)

4. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers4 Textbook & References Main Textbook  M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti, Digital Design 4th Edition, Prentice Hall 2007 Reference Material  John F. Wakerly, Digital Design: Principles and Practices 4th Edition, Prentice Hall 2006  Handout and manual of a Programmable Interface Controller

5. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers5 Course Assessment Quizzes10% Two exams50% Final Exam40%

6. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers6 Attendance Policy Students are expected to attend every class and all other scheduled activities related to the course. Students who miss a lecture, must make arrangements with colleagues to obtain any missed material and information. Maximum allowed absence is 10%. Any student who exceeds the 10% limit will be treated as per the prevailing regulations.

7. October 6, 2015EE345 - Micro-Controllers7 Digital Systems (1/2) Digital systems operate on discrete elements of information  Numbers (e.g., pocket calculator) -> “digits” -> “digital”  Letters (e.g., word processor)  Pictures (e.g., digital cameras) Digital systems  Cell phone  Digital camera  Industrial process controller, etc.

8. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers8 Digital Systems (2/2) Some systems use continuous information  Analog clocks  Film cameras For a digital systems to operate on a continuous data, it needs to quantize (digitize) that data first

9. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers9 Digital Thermostat Purpose: control room temperature Digital thermostat  Senses temperature and converts it to a digital representation  Simple processor compares current and set temperature  If too cold, heater circuit is turned on OK, but how is the conversion done? How is digital information stored?

10. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers10 Digital Audio processing or storage of digital signal ( e.g., MP3)

11. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers11 Analog to Digital Recording Microphone converts acoustic waves to electrical energy. It’s a transducer. Analog signal: continuously varying electrical energy of the sound pressure wave. ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) converts analog to digital electrical signal. Digital signal: digital representation of signal in binary numbers. DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) converts digital signal in computer to analog for your headphones. ADC

12. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers12 Digital Quantization

13. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers13 The Digital Audio Stream A series of sample numbers, to be interpreted as instantaneous amplitudes  one number for every tick of the sample clock from previous example: This is what appears in a sound file, along with a header that indicates the sampling rate, bit depth and other things Each number is then converted to binary and stored in a register 5 6 7 7 5 4 3 1 2 5 7 5 7 4 101 110 111 111 100 011 001 001 010 101 111 101 111 100 3-bit register Memory cell

14. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers14 Building blocks of Digital Hardware Multiple levels of “abstractions” Digital system Circuit board Chip Logic gate Transistor

15. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers15 Computer – What’s Inside?

16. October 6, 2015EE345 – Micro-Controllers16 Datapath