CE-focused EEDN projects Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links –Reducing power consumption of network links Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control.

CE-focused EEDN projects Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links –Reducing power consumption of network links Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control –Reducing induced consumption of networked devices Set-Top Boxes (STB) –Look “outside the box” for energy savings Builder-Installed Miscellaneous (Misc) –Address electronic devices in new homes

Agenda 10:30Welcome, Introductions, Project Overview 11:15Energy Efficient Ethernet 11:35Network Connectivity Proxying 12:15Energy Efficiency Specs for Network Equipment 12:45Break / Pick up lunch 1:00Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links 1:15Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control 1:45Set-Top Boxes 2:00Builder-Installed Miscellaneous 2:10Energy Star Perspective 2:20General Discussion 3:00Next Steps (discuss Building Networks, if time) 3:30Adjourn

Links: Observations Useful standards are not always implemented Useful standards not always created Consumer-electronic data/network links problematic IEEE 1394 (aka FireWire, i.Link) power saving modes not widely implemented Focused work in EEDN project could turn this around A comprehensive project should address both IT and CE oriented products and networks

Links: Scope and Plan Original Describe full range of IEEE 1394 power-saving features Evaluate energy saving potentials from these Create plan to transform market to using these But…. IEEE 1394 continued to lose market share IEEE 802 “Audio/Video Bridging” process created Possibility of conflict between EEE and AVB

Links: AVB What is AVB? Mechanism to enable Ethernet (and WiFi) to be used for time-sensitive audio and video applications Who is doing it? IEEE 802.1 (Management) - defines protocols for IEEE 802 networks Intended market Links between audio and video products (primarily residential) Why do AVB? Ethernet does not guarantee timing or Quality-of-Service What is concern? If AVB and EEE conflict, would likely lead to disabling of EEE on AVB links; could be many links

Links: Scope and Plan New Plan Assess EEE for how it could affect AVB Assess AVB for how it could affect EEE Draw conclusions about each Circulate for review within each Task Force Propose a resolution for any problems that arise Subcontractor: John Nels Fuller

Links: Results Issues at intersection of EEE and AVB Timing of low-power idle exited; can be addressed in 802.1BA, under development Limiting additional wait time when streams are active; EEE should provide a method and 802.1BA should describe it Guidance on when LPI should engage for different usages; put this in 802.1BA Need one minor change to EEE, one minor change to 802.1BA, and completion of 802.1BA Otherwise, EEE and AVB seem compatible

Links: Next Steps and Summary Next Steps for EEDN Prepare last report Beyond EEDN Finish IEEE 802.1BA Assess other CE links (e.g. MOCA) Assess IEEE 1722 (higher layer protocols for AVB) Summary EEE and AVB not inherently in conflict Some further work needed EEE could save large amounts of energy in AVB links

CE Control: Observations Many devices do not power down when idle Knowing which devices should be on (or are on) isn’t easy Users leave devices powered on without returning Network connectivity between devices is under utilized

CE Control: Savings Opportunity Consumer electronics consumed 82 TWh in 2006* > 80% of energy used in the “on” mode Surveys suggest that devices are on and in use as much as they are on and idle Reducing time in on mode critical to reducing overall energy use *Excluding computer equipment, K Roth, Tiax rpt D5525, 2007

Identify and characterize power control methods Develop use scenarios Develop schemes to accomplish power control –General power control philosophies –Specific schemes relevant to today’s standards Work with standards bodies to amend standards Support relevant Energy Star specifications CE Control: Scope of Study

CE Control: Plan Original FocusRevised Focus IEEE 1394 and related CEA standards HDMI and legacy analog/digital standards Manual user controlsAutomatic power control Develop schemes to implement power control Specify how to amend industry standards Meet with standards bodies to push development Work with Energy Star on relevant specifications

CE Control: Focus Change HDMI is the leading network standard in CE –TVs, DVD/Blu-Ray, A/V receivers, STB, etc. Huge number of legacy devices –Current HDMI, old analog or digital sources/sinks Change from user controlled to automatic –Users are confused, forgetful and leave devices on –Legacy devices make cooperative control difficult

CE Control: HDMI and Legacy Standards HDMI –High speed, raw digital connection –Video, audio, sink information –Consumer electronic controls channel Used as a proprietary means to implement features Bravia Sync, AnyNet+, etc Still many other common standards –S/PDIF (digital audio) –Component/Composite/S Video –Coaxial Cable –Ethernet

CE Control: Use Case: TV as Sink Source TVResult Non-Compliant Source: Remains in high power state TV: Remains in high power state CompliantNon-CompliantSource: Powers down after X time TV: Remains in high power state Non-CompliantCompliantSource: Remains in high power state TV: Powers down after X time w/o input Compliant Source: Powers down after X time TV: Powers down with source Condition: Source stops providing content and is idle Problems How long to wait before TV power down warning?

CE Control: Use Case Development Hierarchical structures Automatic source selection and power control Key goal: Make power control transparent to user so they do not disable it.

CE Control: Power Control Philosophy Devices should: Have a 3-state power model Maintain network connectivity while asleep Advertise power state changes Make decision regarding their own state Be capable of observing link state (signal present?) Power down after period without active source/sink Power down after period without performing primary function Make links appear inactive when no active content

CE Control: HDMI Power Control Scheme Source pulls up +5V when it is providing content –Pulls down +5V when not actively providing content Sink pulls up HPD when ready to receive from source –HPD low when using other source, powered down Source and sink power down after X minutes when HPD or +5V is not detected on active line

CE Control: Next Steps Review power control standards –HDMI CEC, DNLA, CEA Use case exploration Power control scheme development Lay ground work for standardization Beyond EEDN: Uniformity of philosophy across standards Standardization of power control schemes Push for STB, TV CEC compatibility

CE Control: Summary Automatic power control deals with a difficult reality –Many legacy analog/digital connections –Uncooperative HDMI connections –Poor user utilization of manual power control Schemes are underdevelopment to maximize energy savings Working with HDMI and Energy Star to improve adoption

STB: Observations Set-top boxes growing in features, energy use, and saturation Most STB selected by service provider For most STB, Off power not much different from On Increasing use of IP networking for both up- and downstream connections % of Satellite STB Sales

STB: Savings Opportunity STB energy use projected to increase “Enhanced Energy Star” could limit growth Active-mode efficiency improvements limited Need technologies to enable low power modes

Original – Conduct STB market assessment – Identify common STB configurations & features – Select high-consumer for further analysis – Develop energy efficient STB reference design (“inside the box”) – Work with policymakers and standards bodies to promote reference design But… – Paper studies of hardware designs not convincing – Network connections have biggest influence on energy use – “Think outside the box” STB: Scope and Plan

Example Reference Design (DTA) Source: 2006 PG&E CASE Report

STB: Revised Plan Original FocusRevised Focus Conduct market assessment Develop reference design Conduct detailed assessment of physical links and network protocols used in STB Implement reference design Develop action plan for energy efficient STB networks

STB: Next Steps EEDN – Complete market assessment – Conduct STB networking assessment – Write action plan Beyond EEDN – Implement action plan

Misc: Observations Previous PIER-funded LBNL research found that the “Other” end use dominated energy consumption in low-energy homes Average new home in CA consumes 50 W continuously, before the buyer even walks in the door Electricity Use of New Low-energy Homes

Misc: Annual Energy Consumption for Builder-Installed Equipment in New Homes

Select a few types of builder-installed equipment to analyze in detail Measure power use of small sample of devices Collect other data through web searches, new- home walkthroughs, etc. Write up recommended purchasing advice for builders Develop action plan for next phases Misc: Scope of Study

Devices Selected for Metering

Misc: GFCI No-load Power

“Smart” Irrigation Controllers Have Higher Standby Power

Misc: Next Steps EEDN – Complete report on builder-installed equipment analysis – Write action plan Beyond EEDN – Investigate more product types (structured wiring, security systems, etc.) – Conduct field metering

Building Networks “Networking the Real World “ — The other 90% of Buildings Electricity Climate (heating, cooling, ventilation), Lighting, Appliances, Security, … …and human beings

Building Networks (1) Current approaches to modernizing building control Short-term implementation Utility oriented Centralized control Insufficient attention to interoperability Little attention to needs of occupants

Building Networks (2) Need two-track strategy for building controls Short-term strategy is fine as-is Long-term –Adopt goal of “Universal Interoperability” –Learn from development of Internet –Use distributed intelligence model –Begin with users, user interface –Design around functionality, not energy –Use price as principal coordination with rest of world

CE-focused EEDN projects Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links –Reducing power consumption of network links Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control.

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CE-focused EEDN projects Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links –Reducing power consumption of network links Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control.

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