1.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 2 2 Web Browser Basics: Internet Explorer and Firefox

2.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 2.1 Introduction to the Internet Explorer 7 and Firefox 2 Web Browsers  Internet is an essential medium for worldwide communication  Web browsers – Software programs that access web’s rich content – www portion of the Internet - hyperlinked documents written in XHTML and rich media  Popular web browsers – Microsoft’s Internet Explorer – Mozilla’s Firefox – Apple’s Safari – Opera Software’s Opera – All examples in this book are supported by both IE7 and FF2

3.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 2.2 Connecting to the Internet  Computer + web browser software + specific hardware+(internet service provider) ISP = Internet access  hardware – Computer must have modem or network card - Modem - hardware that converts data to audio tones and transmits the data over phone lines - Network card or network interface card (NIC) - hardware that allows a computer to connect to the Internet through a network or a high-speed Internet connection – Types of connections(different bandwidth and cost): - LAN- Local Area Network - Broadband - DSL - Cable modem - Dial-up service - ISDN- integrated services digital network

4.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 There are many older and newer technologies that allow you to get connected to the Internet. Dial-up service uses an existing telephone line. If a computer is connected to the Internet, the user usually cannot receive voice calls during this time Get Connected to the Internet

5.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Broadband ModemThe broadband modem can use DSL or a cable Internet service to go online. Here, the DSL line connects to your phone jack Broadband Modem

6.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 DSL Modem Digital subscriber line (DSL) technology it is a broadband service. transmits data over phone lines without interfering with voice service. A DSL connection works better when you are closer to the provider's central office. It requires a special modem provided by the ISP It connects the computer to the Internet at all time DSL Modem Digital subscriber line (DSL)

7.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Cable Modem A cable modem allows the user to get high-speed Internet from their cable provider. it transmits data over the cables that bring television to homes. It enables the computer to be connected to the Internet at all time. Unlike DSL, the bandwidth is shared by many users. Cable Modem

8.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communications standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data It provides the service over either digital or standard telephone lines It requires specialized hardware, called a terminal adapter (TA) from ISP Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

9.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Broadband Over Powerlines (BPL )Imagine plugging your computer into any electrical outlet in your home and having high- speed Internet access. That's BPL, but it hasn't been implemented on a large scale. Broadband Over Powerlines (BPL)

10.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Mobile Broadband Most mobile broadband services simply require the use of a wireless Internet card which allows users to access the Internet through cellular signals. Mobile Broadband

11.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Wireless Internet Cards WiFi cards let you connect to the Internet at home or in a Hotspot if you have a wireless transmitter or adapter. Some cards come built-in to your laptop. Wireless Internet Cards WiFi The term Wi-Fi suggests Wireless Fidelity, resembling the long-established audio-equipment classification term Hi-FiHi-Fi High fidelity—or hi-fi—reproduction is a term used by home stereo listeners) to refer to high-quality reproduction of sound or images, to distinguish it from the poorer quality sound produced by inexpensive audio equipmentreproduction of soundimages

12.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Router This wireless router emits a signal that a WiFi detector or wireless card can pick up and use to connect to the Internet. You'll need a router if you are setting up a WiFi network at home Router

13.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Satellite Internet Satellite Internet uses a satellite dish to upload and download data communications. It is best for rural areas, or areas with no other connection option Satellite Internet

14.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communication. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss and greater bandwidth It is limited by the cost of materials and installation. Optical fibers

15.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Internet Service Provider (ISP) - connects computers to the Internet Popular commercial ISPs AOL (www.aol.com)www.aol.com Comcast (www.comcast.net)www.comcast.net Earthlink (www.earthlink.net)www.earthlink.net Verizon (www.verizon.com)www.verizon.com Microsoft Network (www.msn.com)www.msn.com NetZero (www.netzero.netwww.netzero.net Mobily stc Internet Service Provider ISP

16.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 – Must consider bandwidth and cost for ISP – Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transferred through a communications medium in a fixed amount of time – COST depends on the bandwidth and the technology which the ISP use

17.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 2.3 Internet Explorer 7 and Firefox 2 Features – Web browser - Internet Explorer (www.microsoft.com/ie)www.microsoft.com/ie - Firefox (www.mozilla.com/firefox)www.mozilla.com/firefox – Software that allows the user to view certain types of Internet files in an interactive environment – URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - Each web page on the Internet has unique URL - Usually begin with http­:// or https:// - http: Hypertext Transfer Protocol - It is a set of communication rules for transferring web documents over the Internet - https Hypertext Transfer Protocol over secure Sockets layer.

18.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. We use it to transmit URLs of websites that handle private information such as credit card numbers or any encrypted data on the web 18

19.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Fig. 2.1 | Deitel website in Internet Explorer 7.

20.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Fig. 2.2 | Deitel website in Firefox 2.

21.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Navigating between URLs  You can click the address field and type a web page’s URL then press Enter or click Go (refresh)  Clicking refresh loads the latest version of the web page from the current website. 21

22.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Hyperlinks – Visual elements on web pages that when clicked, load a specified web document, Images and text – When the mouse pointer hovers over a hyperlink, the default arrow pointer changes into a hand with the index finger pointing upward. – Often hyperlinked text appears underlined and as in different color from regular text in a web page. – Can reference other web pages, e-mail addresses, files and more – If a hyperlink’s URL is in the form mailto : email address, clicking the link loads your default e-mail program and opens a message window addressed to the specified e-mail address – Download files 22

23.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  Tabbed Browsing – Allows the user to browse multiple pages without many windows – Ctrl+T open new tab in the same window – Ctrl + clicking the link open the rquested page in anew tab – For Mac use key command – Page Organization 23

24.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Using the History Feature List of previously visited URLs in chronological (زمني (order Back and forward buttons Forward (Alt +Right arrow key or shift + backspace) Back (Alt +left arrow key or backspace) 24

25.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  The user can view the last/next nine URLs visited by clicking the down-arrows immediately to the right of both the Back and Forward buttons; the user can then request a page at a given URL by clicking that URL.  In FF2, there are separate menus to the right of both the forward and back buttons( 15 pages)  Note that: this methods only display history results from the browser’s current session 25

26.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  Using history  IE7choose history from down-arrow menu or clicking the yellow star icon then select hisory  FF2click history menu then choose show in sidebar  Clicking the History button divides the browser window into two sections: the History window and the content window.  The History window lists the URLs visited in the past 20 days in IE7 and nine days in FF2 26

27.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  The history window contains heading levels ordered chronologically within each time frame (e.g. today)  Heading are alphabetized by website name  (use history or view to change organization)  When users view frequently updated Web pages, they should click the Refresh button to load the most current version. If a URL is not loading correctly or is slow, click the Stop button to stop loading the Web page. 27

28.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 Fig. 2.3 | The History menu in Internet Explorer 7.

29.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Fig. 2.4 | The History menu in Firefox 2.

30.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 U2.3 Internet Explorer 7 and Firefox 2 Features (Cont.)  AutoComplete – URLs from the history can be displayed in a drop-down list when a user types a URL into the Address bar  Off-Line Browsing – Web pages can be saved directly to the computer’s hard drive for off- line browsing (dial up connection) - Not connected to the Internet – IE7SAVE AS – FF2 SAVE PAGE AS – FILE MENU(ALT KEY IN IE7 OR USING PAGE ) – To save individual image :click the image with right mouse button – IE7save picture as – FF2save image as –

31.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 Fig. 2.5 | AutoComplete suggests possible URLs when given a partial address.

32.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 Fig. 2.6 | Saving a picture from a website.

33.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  Downloads – Files from the Internet may be copied to a computer’s hard drive – You must trust sites - Applications (software that perform specific function such as word processor) - Plug-ins (specialized pieces of software that help the browser support additional content type) - For exmaple: acrobat reader from adobe (to read the portable document format PDF)  flash content (add audio, video animation effect to a website such as flash player & silverlight)) - Extensions (add ons) it enhance the preexisting functionality of the browser for example: blog editor, universal up loader and translation dictionaries - www.ieaddons.com www.ieaddons.com - https:\\addons.mozilla.org 33

34.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  Viewing Source Code – Understand how the programmer created the page – Learn how to develop your own pages – FF2view +page source – IE7 view + source 34

35.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 2.4 Customizing Browser Settings  Browser settings – Determine how sites are displayed – How security measures are applied – How outputs are rendered – (Internet option dialog)Tools  Privacy settings for IE7 and FF2 can be set under the Privacy tab.  In IE7 there are six levels of privacy – The most lenient level permits the download of cookies – Cookies are text files are placed on the computer by websites to retain or gather information about the user. – The most strict level blocks all cookies from all websites and updates a report to the user about browsing privacy. it may prevent certain websites from working correctly.  In FF2 the privacy tab displays options about how data is remembered in the system and cookies should be accepted

36.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  Security options – Specify how much information you want to hide from unfamiliar sites – How much of the site’s content will be blocked from a computer  Personal home page A personal home page can be specified under the General tab in IE7 and main in FF2. The home page is the Web page that loads when the browser is first opened and appears when the Home button at the top of the browser window is clicked. 36

37.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 Fig. 2.7 | Internet Options in Internet Explorer 7.

38.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 38 Fig. 2.8 | Options in Firefox 2.

39. –History options History options also may be adjusted in this category. By clicking In IE7 : the Settings button in the browsing history section of the General tab In FF2 : the network option in the advanced tab the amount of disk space to be reserved for Web page cache can be set. The cache is an area on the hard drive that a browser designates for saving Web pages for rapid, future access. When a page is viewed that has been visited recently, IE7 and FF2 check whether they already have some element on that page (such as images ) saved in the cache, to reduce download time.

40. Having a large cache can considerably speed up Web browsing, whereas having a small cache saves disk space. Caching can sometimes cause problems, as Internet Explorer and firefox do not always check to ensure that a cached page is the same as the latest version residing on the Web server.

41.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  To solve this problem :  Holding down the ctrl key and pressing F5 Or Ctrl + Shift and R in FF2 Will force the browser to retrieve the latest version of the web page from the website 41

42.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 42 2.5 Searching the Internet  Internet is wealth of information – Search engines help locate more specific information on a given topic - Google (www.google.com)www.google.com - Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com)www.yahoo.com - MSN (www.msn.com)www.msn.com - AltaVista (www.altavista.com)www.altavista.com - Ask.com (www.ask.com)www.ask.com – Use databases that facilitate quick information retrieval – Metasearch engines (do not maintain databases) - Send the search criteria to other search engines and aggregate the - Results such as MetaCrawler (www.metacrawler.com)www.metacrawler.com

43.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  IE7 and FF2 have a built in search box placed in the window that can be used to browse the web.  The user can choose which search engine to use by clicking the down arrow menu.  Search engines can help resolve programming errors  www. Thescripts.com 43

44.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 Fig. 2.9 | Searching the Internet with Internet Explorer 7.

45.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 Fig. 2.10 | Searching the Internet with Firefox 2.

46.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 46 2.6 Keeping Track of Your Favorite Sites  Organize and track Web browsing history (URL and title) – IE7 - Favorites menu’s – Any page’s URL can be added to the list using : – Add to favorited or pressing yellow star and green plus – Favorites can be categorized and grouped into folders in the organize favorites dialog  Favorites can be renamed, moved and deleted in the Organize Favorites dialog. –

47. FF2 – Bookmarking –FF2 – Bookmark This Page... option Most browsers have their own version of Favorites or Bookmarks.

48.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 48 Fig. 2.11 | The Favorites menu helps organize frequently visited websites in Internet Explorer 7.

49.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 49 Fig. 2.12 | The Bookmarks menu helps organize frequently visited websites in Firefox 2.

50.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 50 2.7 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)  File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – Set of rules by which computers transfer data over the Internet – URL begins with ftp:// rather than ­http – Accessed either with the web browser or software that supports FTP - Filezilla (http://filezilla.sourceforge.net)http://filezilla.sourceforge.net - FF2 FireFTP (http://fireftp.mozdev.org)http://fireftp.mozdev.org  FTP site can be browsed as though they were files on the local computer  Files can be downloaded  FTP site may require login  FTP can also be used on the Internet for – Uploading files – Downloading files – File-managing tasks

51.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 51 Fig. 2.13 | FTP site access.

52.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 52 2.8 Online Help  Built-in help features for browsers  Answers to frequently asked questions about using browsers such as FF2 and IE7 – Contents and Index menu item in IE7 – Help Contents in FF2

53.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 53 Fig. 2.14 | Internet Explorer 7 Help dialog.

54.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 54 Fig. 2.15 | Firefox 2 Help dialog.

55.  2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 55 2.9 Other Web Browsers  Opera (www.opera.com)www.opera.com  Safari (www.apple.com/safari)www.apple.com/safari – All browsers differ in functionality, performance and features – Use different HTML layout engines  Opera, as well as IE7 and FF2, – Designed to be accessible to all users, including those with visual or mobility impairments – “Mini” version of the browser for mobile devices  Safari – Created for Apple’s Mac OS – Simple interface – Impressive speed for executing JavaScript  Different browser functionality and features makes cross-browser compatibility difficult to achieve