1. ITA Croatia TÜLİN SOLAK Temelsu International Engineering Services Inc. Congress centre “Lacroma”, Dubrovnik April, 7-9, 2011 ITA Croatia “TUNNELING ACTIVITIES IN TURKEY” ITA SEE 2011, Scientific Symposium

2. ITA Croatia WATER PROJECTS Hepp Projects (Diversion Tunnel,Shaft ) Irrigation and Water Supply Projects HIGHWAY PROJECTS State Road and Motorway Tunnels RAILWAY PROJECTS Speed Railway Tunnels Bosphorus Tube Tunnel Crossing- Marmaray URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECTS Metro and Road Tunnels Istanbul Straight Crossing Road Tunnel TUNNELING ACTIVITIES IN VARYING FIELDS IN TURKEY

3. ITA Croatia HEPP PROJECTS

4. ITA Croatia HIGHWAY PROJECTS BOLU TUNNEL ON ANKARA-ISTANBUL MOTORWAY FAULT RUPTURE 1999 FAULT RUPTURE 1944

5. ITA Croatia HIGHWAY PROJECTS GEBZE-ORHANGAZİ-İZMİR MOTORWAY (INCLUDING İZMİT BAY CROSSING) Total lenght :421 km 2 tunnels in total lenght of 5150 m suspended bridge L~ 3 km and span=1700m ( second longest bridge of this typology in the world) contract type: BOT construction period : 7 years operation period 22 years and 4 month estimated cost :8-11 billion US $ Current Bursa Ring Road Samanlı Tunnel L=3.4 km Belkahve Tunnel L=1.75 km

6. ITA Croatia RAILWAY PROJECTS Speed Railway Lines Ankara-İstanbul Ankara-Konya Ankara-Sivas Ankara-İzmir Bursa-Osmaneli Ankara-Kayseri Halkalı-Kapıkule ---- - Line under operation ---- Line under construction ---- Line at planing stage Second stage in Ankara-Istanbul Line 40 tunnels have been excavated with NATM Longest tunnel at Ankara-Istanbul line 8 km will be excavated with TBM SPEED RAILWAY PROJECTS

7. ITA Croatia RAILWAY PROJECTS Rehabilitation in Georgia Construction in Turkey 76 km Construction in Georgia 29 km Present line Tunnel to be constructed in Georgia 2070 m Tunnels to be constructed in Turkey 6190 SILK RAILWAY PROJECT KARS-TBILISI-BAKU RAILWAY PROJECT

8. ITA Croatia RAILWAY PROJECTS BOSPHORUS TUBE TUNNEL CROSSING-MARMARAY Ayrılıkçeşme Yenikapı Station Sirkeci Station Uskudar Station European side İstanbul Bosphorus Asian side KazlıçeşmeAyrılıkçeşme Worlds deepest immersed tunnel H=60 m L=1.4 km Bored tunnels with TBM L=9.8 km Cut and cover structures L=2.4 km 3 underground stations 75000 people/hour/direction Total lenght of the line : 76 km Planned date for operation: October 2013

9. ITA Croatia RAILWAY PROJECTS SIRKECI STATION SHAFT Ayrılıkçeşme ÜSKÜDAR STATION AREA PORTAL STARTING POINT OF TBM

10. ITA Croatia RAILWAY PROJECTS Ayrılıkçeşme IMMERSING BARGE SETTLING THE ELEMENTS BACKFILL CROSSECTION

11. ITA Croatia ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS RAILWAY PROJECTS

12. ITA Croatia RAILWAY PROJECTS BOSPHORUS TUBE TUNNEL CROSSING PAST EARTQUAKES GROUND IMPROVEMENT AT THE TUNNEL BASESEISMIC JOINTS

13. ITA Croatia URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECTS ISTANBUL STRAIT ROAD CROSSING 5.4 km bored tunnel (3.3 km undersea) 1.8 km to Marmaray 1.1 billion $, BOT TBM,NATM, Open cut 6. largest TBM L=160 m Dext=12.4 m advance 10 m/day 65 million $ 61 m water + 45 m rock Construction time: 4.5 year Operation time: 26 year Marmaray Istanbul Straıt Road Crossing European side Asian side Marmara sea

14. ITA Croatia CONCLUSIONS DUE TO SEVERAL REASONS, TOPOGRAPHICAL, ECONOMICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL ETC, TUNNELS ARE ESSENTIAL IN TURKEY. TURKEY IS LOCATED AT AN EARTQUAKE ZONE AND TUNNELS SHOULD BE DESIGNED ACCORDINGLY. IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO ESTABLISH JOINT VENTURES WITH EXPERIENCED COMPANIES FROM OTHER COUNTRIES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IMPORTANT PROJECTS ARE FINANCED WITH PPP MODEL (BOT, BO)