1. Endocrine System

2. Hormone- a chemical messenger that is released into the blood stream. Gland- a group of cells or an organ that secretes hormones. Pituitary Gland- produces a hormone that controls all other hormones, located in the brain. Also known as the “Master Gland”.

3. Endocrine System Thyroid- produces thyroxine, which controls metabolism and body temperature Parathyroid- control the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body Adrenal- controls the adrenaline hormone which helps us in emergency situations. Also controls the body’s water balance

4. Endocrine System Pancreas- produces insulin needed to break down glucose to be absorbed into the blood. Also part of the digestive system Ovaries- produces the female sex cell, the egg. Estrogen controls the development of secondary sex characteristics Egg/Ovum- female sex cell. One egg cell produced by the ovaries once a month

5. Endocrine System Testes- produces the male sex hormone, testosterone. This is also controls the development of secondary sex characteristics. Sperm- is the male sex cell - The combination of egg and sperm will result in conception and soon will be developing fetus.

6. Endocrine System Puberty- time in which a teenager will have physical and emotional changes due to the releasing of hormones. Usually begins between ages 12-15.

7. Endocrine System

8. Male Reproduction Testosterone- male hormone which causes sperm production. Allows for physical changes- broad shoulders, deepened voice, muscular development and hair growth. Testes/Testicles- 2 small glands which produce sperm. In order to survive, sperm must be kept at lower temperatures. Scrotum- holds the testes and protects the sperm from high temperatures.

9. Male Reproduction Epididymis- tube outside the testes which temporarily stores sperm. Allows them to mature here. Vas deferens- the tube which connects the epididymis to the urethra. This is where other fluids are mixed with sperm. Seminal Vesicle- produces the other fluids that are mixed with sperm.

10. Male Reproductive Prostate Gland and Cowper’s Gland- other fluid production occurs Urethra- the tube which extends from the bladder and each vas deferens through the penis, outside of the body Penis- external reproduction organ. Composed of tissue and blood vessels, which allow for erection and ejaculation of semen

11. Male Reproductive Sterility- a condition when a person is unable to reproduce Testicular Cancer- Age 15-34 is the most common. Signs- enlarged testicle, lumps or nodules. Self examinations should be done once a month.

12. Male Diagram

13. Female Reproductive Estrogen and Progesterone- hormones released by the pituitary gland during puberty. Produces secondary sex characteristics- breast development, widening of the hips and hair growth.

14. Female Reproductive 3 Major Functions 1. Produce egg cells or ova 2. Reception of sperm for fertilization 3. Provide nourishment and protection for a fertilized ovum until it’s ready to live outside the body

15. Female Reproductive Ovaries- female sex glands that house ova and produce hormones. - Born with over 1 million immature ova - Will release 300-500 in her lifetime Ovulation- releasing of one mature ovum each month. This begins around puberty. Ovaries alternate from month to month.

16. Female Reproductive Fallopian Tube- when an ovum is released, it moves along in this tube to the uterus. - Finger or hair like projections draw and ovum from the ovary and into and through the fallopian tube. - Fertilization can occur if a sperm are present in the fallopian tube when the ovum is released into it.

17. Female Reproductive Fertilization- when one sperm cell unites with the ovum Uterus- small, muscular, pear shaped organ about the size of a fist. - Rich with blood vessels - Thickness varies depending upon hormones present - Zygote- a fertilized ovum attaches to the uterine wall and lives here for 9 months

18. Female Reproductive Cervix-end of the uterus, which is in the vagina, opens during labor. - Major site of cancer in women. PID/HPV - Papsmears Vagina- Also called the birth canal, is a muscular and elastic tube. This is where sperm is deposited during sexual intercourse.

19. Process of Birth

20. Female Reproductive Menstruation- when the lining of the uterus is shed. - 2-3oz of blood and tissue leaves the body - Lasts 3-5 days - 28 day cycle is the norm - The Cycle - Days 1-4 Lining of the uterus, menstruation - Days 5-12 Uterine wall thickens, egg about to be released - Days 13-14 Ovulation occurs, egg is released - Days 15-28 Egg travels down fallopian tube into uterus. If not fertilized, menstruation will occur. If fertilized, a baby will began forming.

21. Fertilization…

22. Female Reproductive Health Issues 1. Menstrual cramps- mild cramping can occur - Light exercise, a warm bath or a heating pad can relieve these. 2. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)- A variety of symptoms that effect different people differently. Mild to severe - Bloating, mood swings, fatigue and weight gain - Hormonal imbalances or nutritional deficiencies

23. Female Reproductive 3. Toxic Shock Syndrome- Bacterial disease that can occur in women who use tampons. - Change every 3-4 hours - Symptoms- fever, vomiting, dizziness, flu like symptoms

24. Female Diagram