1. ESLG 320 Ch. 12 A little grammar language…

2. Parts of Speech  Noun: a person/place/thing/idea  Verb: an action or a state of being  Adjective: a word that describes nouns  Adverb: a word that describes verbs *and adjectives *and other adverbs  Preposition: a word that describes where something is (or when)  Pronoun: a word that replaces a noun

3. What words DO in a sentence  Verbs & Verb Phrases  Subjects - always nouns or noun clauses  Objects of Prepositions - always nouns or noun clauses  Objects of Verbs - always nouns or noun clauses  Direct Object  Indirect Object

4. Clauses  A PHRASE is a group of words but does not have a subject + verb. It may have a verb and other words or a noun and other words.  A CLAUSE is a group of words… with a SUBJECT and a VERB  Clauses can be complete sentences - (independent clauses) OR not complete (dependent clauses). Sentences & Clauses have S+V Phrases can have Nouns or Verbs but not S+V

5. Types of Clauses In this class, we’ll learn about 3 types of clauses: 1.Noun Clauses - a group of words with a subject and verb, working in the sentence AS A NOUN. 2. Adjective Clauses 3. Adverb Clauses (including time clauses)

6. Why are clauses wonderful?  You can make longer subjects and objects with noun clauses.  You can make longer adjectives and adverbs with those types of clause.  You can say a lot of ideas in one sentence, instead of many.  You can make more interesting sentences!

7. Single words vs. Clauses  Teachers were once students.  What you have to understand about teachers is that even though they give very hard quizzes, they were once students who had to take hard quizzes, even if they were not ready for them. > How many clauses are there in the second sentence? Is it hard to see them all?

8. Take another look! who had to take hard quizzes  [What you have to understand about teachers] subject noun clause is [that even though they give very hard quizzes, they were once students who had to take hard quizzes, even if they were not ready] noun clause. > How many clauses are there? Did you count six (6)? (Don’t forget the whole sentence.)