2. PARTS OF SPEECH REVIEW Hopefully this all sounds familiar from elementary school…

3. Eight Parts of Speech Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Adverbs Conjunctions Prepositions Verbs Interjections

4. A Person An Idea A Thing A Place A word that names Note: a noun serves as the simple subject of a sentence

5. KINDS of NOUNS

6. A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement Action Linking “be” verbs & taste feel sound look appear become seem grow remain stay Subject predicate

7. Every sentence must have Every sentence must must have aa Note: this is the simple predicate of a sentence

8. Action verbs express mental or physical. Action verbs express mental or physical action. Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it. He rode the horse to victory. He has been sick. KINDS of VERBS

9. Helping verbs help the action verb show the tense (time) the action occurred. Helping verbs help the action verb show the tense (time) the action occurred. I am running. (present) I was running. (past) I will be running. (future)

10. The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. Personal Pronouns I, me, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, it, its we,us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone, one, etc. Interrogative Pronouns who whom what which whose Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those

11. Examples: Examples: – is certainly fun. –This is certainly fun. – have turned in homework. –Several have turned in their homework. – book was left at house. –My book was left at his house. –Joe and are going on a date. –Joe and she are going on a date. –Please come with Tammy and to the game. –Please come with Tammy and me to the game. – need to bring with. –You need to bring it with you. The word the pronoun replaces is called the antecedent. It should (but may not) be established before you use a pronoun.

12. Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Is that a wool sweater? Just give me five minutes. Did you lose your address book? Answers these questions:

13. Modifies or describes a verb. Modifies or describes a verb. Answers the questions: How? He ran quickly. She left yesterday. When? We went there. Where?

14. It was too hot! He ran very quickly. It is so nice. It was too hot! He ran very quickly. It is so nice. To what degree or how much? Or… it describes an adjective or another adverb We call these intensifiers.

15. A preposition begins a phrase that helps show relationships to another word in the sentence. The prepositional phrase will end with a noun or pronoun and will answer some of the same questions an adjective or adverb does (just in a phrase). They received a postcard from Bobby telling about his trip to Canada.

16. The preposition never stands alone ! preposition noun pronoun Complete the preposition object can have more than one object object can have modifiers You can press those leaves under glass. Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news. It happened during the last examination.

17. Some Common Prepositions aboard about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without

18. A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words. and or but either/or neither/nor

19. CONJUNCTIONS Neither Johnny nor Mike Neither Johnny nor Mike –Two equal words over the river and through the woods over the river and through the woods –Two equal phrases I fell over the backpack, and I broke my ankle. I fell over the backpack, and I broke my ankle. –Two equal sentences You only need a comma if connecting two sentences.

20. an exclamatory word that expresses emotion Goodness! What a cute baby! Wow, look at that sunset! ***Use an exclamation point for strong emotion or a comma for mild emotion.

21. NOUN -name people, places, things, and ideas singular/plural, possessive, and common/proper VERB -tell the action (some verbs need help becoming past, present, or future tense -state of being/linking PRONOUNS = by replacing a ADJECTIVE What kind, which one, how many/much? ADVERB How, when, where an action verb happened (and degree) PREPOSITION A word that starts a phrase in order to act as an adjective or adverb (prep+noun/pronoun) +conjunctions: “hookin’ up words, phrases, and clauses”; think FANBOYS, but there are more! Interjections !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Simple Subject –the doer Who/what am I talking about? Simple Predicate –the do/be What did the doer do? Or What is he/is he like?