1. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department The LHC Computing Grid – June 2006 The LHC Computing Grid Visit of the Comité d’avis pour les questions Scientifiques et Technologiques Parlement Belge Frédéric Hemmer Deputy Head, IT Department June 12, 2006

2. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 New frontiers in data handling ATLAS experiment: ~150 million channels @ 40MHz ~ 10 million Gigabytes per second  Massive data reduction on-line  Still ~1 Gigabyte per second to handle

3. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 The Data Challenge LHC experiments will produce 10-15 million Gigabytes of data each year (about 20 million CDs!) LHC data analysis requires a computing power equivalent to ~ 100,000 of today's fastest PC processors. Requires many cooperating computer centres, CERN providing only ~20% of the computing resources

4. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 Solution: Connect Computer Centres via the Grid

5. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 The accelerator generates 40 million particle collisions (events) every second at the centre of each of the four experiments’ detectors The LHC Accelerator

6. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 LHC DATA This is reduced by online computers that filter out a few hundred “good” events per sec. Which are recorded on disk and magnetic tape at 100-1,000 MegaBytes/sec ~15 PetaBytes per year for all four experiments

7. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 simulation reconstruction analysis interactive physics analysis batch physics analysis batch physics analysis detector event summary data raw data event reprocessing event reprocessing event simulation event simulation analysis objects (extracted by physics topic) Data Handling and Computation for Physics Analysis event filter (selection & reconstruction) event filter (selection & reconstruction) processed data les.robertson@cern.ch CER N

8. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 LCG Service Hierarchy Tier-0 – the accelerator centre Data acquisition & initial processing Long-term data curation  Data Distribution to Tier-1 centres Canada – Triumf (Vancouver) France – IN2P3 (Lyon) Germany –Karlsruhe Italy – CNAF (Bologna) Netherlands – NIKHEF/SARA (Amsterdam) Nordic countries – distributed Tier-1 Spain – PIC (Barcelona) Taiwan – Academia SInica (Taipei) UK – CLRC (Oxford) US – FermiLab (Illinois) – Brookhaven (NY) Tier-1 – “online” to the data acquisition process  high availability Managed Mass Storage –  grid-enabled data service  All re-processing passes Data-heavy analysis National, regional support Tier-2 – ~100 centres in ~40 countries Simulation End-user analysis – batch and interactive  Services, including Data Archive and Delivery, from Tier-1s

9. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 LHC Computing Grid project (LCG) More than 100 computing centres 12 large centres for primary data management: CERN (Tier-0) and eleven Tier-1s 38 federations of smaller Tier-2 centres 40 countries involved

10. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 CPU DiskTape ~ 100K of today’s fastest processors

11. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 LHC Computing Grid Project - a Collaboration The physicists and computing specialists from the LHC experiments The national and regional projects in Europe and the US that have been developing Grid middleware The regional and national computing centres that provide resources for LHC The research networks Researchers Computer Scientists & Software Engineers Service Providers Building and operating the LHC Grid – a global collaboration between

12. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 LCG Service Deadlines full physics run first physics cosmics 2007 2008 2006 Pilot Services – stable service from 1 June 06 LHC Service in operation – 1 Oct 06 over following six months ramp up to full operational capacity & performance LHC service commissioned – 1 Apr 07

13. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 LCG has been the driving force for the European multi- science Grid EGEE (Enabling Grids for E-sciencE) EGEE is now a global effort, and the largest Grid infrastructure worldwide Co-funded by the European Commission (~130 M€ over 4 years) EGEE already used for >20 applications, including… Impact of the LHC Computing Grid Medical Imaging Education, Training Bio-informatics

14. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 Example: EGEE Attacks Avian Flu EGEE used to analyse 300,000 possible potential drug compounds against bird flu virus, H5N1. 2000 computers at 60 computer centres in Europe, Russia, Taiwan, Israel ran during four weeks in April - the equivalent of 100 years on a single computer. Potential drug compounds now being identified and ranked Neuraminidase, one of the two major surface proteins of influenza viruses, facilitating the release of virions from infected cells. Image Courtesy Ying-Ta Wu, AcademiaSinica.

15. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 Example: Geocluster industrial application The first industrial application successfully running on EGEE Developed by the Compagnie Générale de Géophysique (CGG) in France, doing geophysical simulations for oil, gas, mining and environmental industries. EGEE technology helps CGG to federate its computing resources around the globe.

16. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 Towards a European Grid Infrastructure Europe is in a leading position in scientific Grids thanks to EGEE Must ensure transition from projects to a sustainable e-infrastructure Requires creation of National Grid Infrastructures Requires coordination by a new European Organization (FP7)

17. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 Grids in Europe Great investment in developing Grid technology Sample of National Grid projects: Austrian Grid Initiative Belgium: BEGrid DutchGrid France: e-Toile; ACI Grid Germany: D-Grid; Unicore Greece: HellasGrid Grid Ireland Italy: INFNGrid; GRID.IT NorduGrid UK e-Science: National Grid Service; OMII; GridPP EGEE provides framework for national, regional and thematic Grids

18. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006 Evolution EGEE EGEE-II EDG EGEE-III European e-Infrastructure Coordination Testbeds Utility Service Routine Usage

19. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – May 2006