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Spanish-American War What Started it All
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Purpose of Lesson A. Understand the factors which led to war B. Examine how the outcome of the war could lead to US imperialism
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Background
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Debate over Imperialism YES Necessary For prosperity MAYBE Uncomfortable with imperialism NO Invite war, Violate US values
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Economic Expansion US growing involvement with: Pacific Islands Hawaii Samoa Latin America Cuba***
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A. Understand the factors which led to war
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Trouble in Cuba Cuba fighting for independence w/Spain US interest Identified w/struggle Location ideal for expansion Jose Marti (Cuban) Raises resistance against Spain Revolution 1895 against Spain
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Trouble in Cuba Valereano Weyler (SPAIN) Placed Cubans in “reconcentration” camps Thousands die Marti Team (CUBA) Damage Cuba Goal: drive out Spaniards
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American Sentiments Economic interest $50 mill sugar industry Trade going downhill Human rights Heard of horrific conditions in camps Hunger Starvation Diseases Dramatized by press US grow angry w/Spain President McKinley avoid war
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American Reaction 1896 Spanish troops in Cuba Oppose reform from officials in Spain Riot in Havana US Response McKinley sends battleship Maine to Havana Harbor Concern for crisis Protect American citizen & property
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Battleship Maine
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Feb 15, 1898 explosion 260 Americans killed
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Remember the Maine! To War with Spain!
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USS Maine Mystery US blamed Spain No evidence Investigation suggests accident Internal cause
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Yellow Yellow Journalism Sensational headlines & stories Little attention to facts Goal: gain new readers Grabbing attention Stir up emotions Fabricated stories of Spanish cruelty when it wasn’t occurring Fed anti-Spanish sentiments & pressured Gov to declare war
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McKinley Declares War McKinley goes to ask Congress to use force against Spain: Safety of Cubans Safety of US interests & property End menace to US peace April 25, 1898 US declares war w/Spain
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U.S. vs Spain 1. Philippines (May 1) Spanish colony Commodore George Dewey moved 6 US ships to harbor in Manila > sunk 10 Spanish ships Dewey worked w/Filipino rebel Emilio Aguinaldo Result: US get Manila
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U.S. vs Spain 2. Cuba (June 20) 17,000 troops sent Rough Riders – volunteer soldiers under Theodore Roosevelt’s command
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Rough Riders
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Teddy’s Terrors
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U.S. vs Spain 2. Cuba (June 20) 17,000 troops sent Rough Riders – volunteer soldiers under Theodore Roosevelt’s command Black soldiers’ efforts unnoticed San Juan Hill – major land battle, US win July 3 US defeats Spain in Cuba
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U.S. vs Spain 3. Puerto Rico Spanish colony Easily conquered in July US WINS WAR
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Negative Aspect Soldiers 385 killed in action 5,000 died of sickness Tropical diseases Bad food – tainted meat Blacks – faced resentment in south, lead to race riots
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B. Examine how the outcome of the war could lead to US imperialism
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BIG QUESTION??? What to do with Philippines, Cuba & Puerto Rico? Give them their independence? Make them US territory? Annex them?
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Group Presentations 1.China 2.Cuba 3.Dominican Republic 4.Hawaii 5.Mexico 6.Panama 7.Philippines 8.Puerto Rico
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Group Presentations Groups of 3-4 Create power point presentation for class Presentation 5 minutes long Include facts & images Info provided Images find online Oct 15 – work day, complete ppt Oct 18 – presentation
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