1. Changing Patterns of Life Ch. 15 Sec. 3 Bell work #3 It states that they bought this century old house for there parents which is a national landmark

2. Introduction  Urbanization has transformed the lives of people in the developing world just as it did n Europe during the Industrial Revolution. First, though, we sill look at how the village continues to shape the lives of millions of people.

3. The Village Continuity and Change  The village is close set houses made of stones, clay bricks, or sticks plastered over with mud, roofed with thatch, palm leaves, tile, or tin. It is hard packed earthen paths crossed by bare feet, sandals, or perhaps a bicycle or two. It is water form a village well, vegetables form a back garden, chickens or goats in the yard. It is dust, heat, and insects. It is also families, neighbors, and an enduring way of life.  Village people continue to form the largest part of the world’ population about 3.3 billion of the 5.7billion people on Earth. Most of them live in the global South. Similar patterns link village people form Uruguay to Malaysia.

4. Enduring Ways Enduring Ways  The day may begin before sunrise, with the sound of a rooster crowing. If the village is in a Muslim land, a muezzin may call villagers to predawn prayer.  As the morning goes on, children in school uniforms race toward the crossroads to catch the bus, their books swinging behind them in straps or satchels. At the stream, women who do not yet own washing machines slap wet clothes against a rock and lay them out on the grass to dry. Other young women and men labor in fields, workshops, or markets. Many will have sore backs by noon. Later, people gather at small open fronted shops around the village square.

5. Changing Patterns  Many village ways have endured for centuries. But decades of urbanization, westernization, and new technology have left their mark.  While such changes enrich village life, they also weaken traditional cultures. Supermarkets efficient but impersonal threaten village grocers. Worse, more and more young people are leaving the village for the wider vistas of the city.  Still, the village goes on. Life is not easy. Sometimes it is cruelly harsh. Yet for millions of market women and teachers, healers and match makers, children and old people, the village remains a vital center of existence.

6. Old Ways and New  Urbanization- People in the developing world have flocked to the cities to find jobs and escape rural poverty. Cities offer not only economic opportunities but also attractions.  With no money and few jobs, some new comers cannot afford to ride buses or go to movies. Instead, most settle in shantytowns that ring the cities. These slums are a crowded and dangerous as European cities were in the 1800s. They lack even basic services such as paving, running water, or sewage. Drugs and crime are ever present threats. Today, millions of people struggle to survive in these conditions.  As urban children attend school and become literate, they often reject their parents’ ways. Without the support of the village and extended family, older beliefs and values are undermined by urban values such as material wealth, education, and job status. People who move form villages to cities frequently suffer a sense of overwhelming stress and isolation. Often called culture shock.

7. Westernization  Although they welcome modern technology, they want to preserve older traditions and religious beliefs. They reject western emphasis on material success and the individual, which they feel undermines the community and family.

8. Religious Influences  Since the 1980s religious revivals have swept many regions. Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, and Hindu reformers have offered their own solutions to the problems of today’s world. Some of these reformers have been called fundamentalists because they stress what they see as the fundamental, or basic, values of their religions. Many have sought increased political power in an effort to resist changes that they feel threaten their beliefs.  In Latin America, some Roman Catholic clergy adopted a movement called Liberation Theology. They urged the Church to take a more active role in opposing the social conditions that contributed to poverty.

9. New Rights and Roles for women New Rights and Roles for women  The UN Charter included a commitment to work for “equal rights for men and women.” by 1950, women had won the right to vote in most European nations, as well as in Japan, China, Brazil, and other nations. In most African nation, women and men won the vote at the same time, at independence.  Yet in 1985, a report to a UN Conference on Women noted that while women represent half of the world’s people, “they perform nearly two thirds of all working hours, receive only on tenth of the world’s income, and own less than one percent of world property. “

10. The West The West  In the industrial world, more and more women worked outside the home and gradually won equal access to education. By the 1970s, a strong feminist movement sought equal access to jobs and promotions, equal pay for equal work, and an end to sexual harassment on the job. Women moved into high profile jobs as business owners and executives, astronauts, scientists, or technicians.  A growing need emerged of affordable day care. Some critics charged that the growth in the female worked force was Partly responsible of rising divorce rates and a decline in family life. Others responded that many families required town incomes.

11. Developing Nations  In emerging nations, women worked actively in the nationalist struggles. Their constitutions spelled out equality between women and men, at least on paper.  While women still had less education than men, the gap was narrowing. At the same time, women generally shouldered a heavy burden of work inside and around the home.

12. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Since 1945, technology has transformed human life and thought. Instant communication via satellites has shrunk the globe. New forms of energy, especially nuclear power, have been added to the steam power, electricity, and gasoline energy of the first industrial age.  The computer revolution- The computer is among the most revolutionary developments of the past 50 years. The first electronic computers, built in the 1940s, were huge, slow machines. Later, the computer was miniaturized thanks to inventions like the silicon chip.  Still, access to computers added to the gap between the global north and South.

13. THE SPACE AGE  In October 1957, the space age began when the Soviet Union launched sputnik, a tiny satellite, into orbit. Sputnik set off a frantic “space race” between the superpowers. In 1969, the United States laded the first man on the moon. Both superpowers explored the military uses of space and sent spy satellites to orbit the Earth. In the post Cold War world, however, the Untied States and Russia turned to cooperation and launched joint space ventures.

14. MEDICAL BREAKTHROUGHS  In the postwar era, medicine achieved amazing success. Scientists developed new antibiotics to treat illnesses. Vaccines wiped out some diseases like smallpox and prevented the spread of others. In the 1980s and 1990s, however, new challenges arose with the spread of deadly new diseases such as Ebola and AIDS.  In the 1970s, surgeons learned to transplant organs to save lives. Lasers made surgery safer. Scientists also made headway in treating some cancers. Yet advances in medicine were costly and usually limited to people and nations that could afford them.

15. The Green Revolution  Scientist applied new technology to increasing food production for the world’s growing population. During the 1960s, they touched off the Green Revolution, developing new kinds of rice and other grains that yielded more food per acre than older stains. In India, Indonesia, and elsewhere, the Green Revolution doubled food output.  The Green Revolution had limits, however. It succeeded only in areas with regular moisture. Also, it required chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as irrigation systems, which only wealthy farmers with large acreage could afford. Thus, many poor peasants did not benefit form the new technology. Many were forced off their small farms, unable to compete with larger, more efficient agricultural enterprises.

16. Enduring Issues  Many people pin their hopes on technology to solve a variety of economic, medical and environmental problems. Yet it has not solved such basic problems as hunger or poverty. Also, while technology has created many new kinds of jobs, it has threatened others. For example, a single computer can process thousands of telephone calls that were once handled by human operators.

17. A New International Culture  Radio, television, satellites, fax machines, and computer networks have put people everywhere in touch and helped create a global culture.  A westernized popular culture- The driving force behind this new global culture has been the United States. Since World War II, American fads, fashions, music, and entertainment have captured the world’s imagination. English has become the leading language of international business

18. Looking Ahead  Many current trends and issues emerged long before 1945 and will continue beyond 2000.  Two contradictory trends are shaping the world. Nationalism is on the rise. Yet global interdependence ahs become an inescapable fact of life. In many nations and regions, people must reconcile local and global interests.