1. CHAPTER 22 The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 The West Encounters and Transformations Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

2. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Economic transformation II. Defining the Political Nation III. Broadening the Political Nation IV. Outside the Political Nation? The Experience of Women

3. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Economic transformation A. Economic Transformation "Great Depression in Trade and Agriculture" 1873-c.1895 B. Industrial Expansion Railways Russia Sergei Witte (1849-1915) Finance Minister C. The Second Industrial Revolution Mechanization Building Steel, cement, plate glass Mechanical crane, stone cutter Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) Paris World's Fair, 1889 Michael Faraday (1791-1867) Generator, 1866 Thomas Edison (1847-1931) Lightbulb, 1879 (C. The Second Industrial Revolution) Production Vertical integration Horizontal integration Standard Oil, 1870 John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) Department Stores Bon Marché, Paris Whiteley's, London D. Emigration and Urbanization Urban growth Emigration 1860-1914 52 million 72% to North America 21% to South America E. Social Unrest

4. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. Defining the Political Nation A. Nation Making Franchise Social Reform Bismarck Old-age pensions Sickness benefits Disability insurance Britain Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881) 1906-1912, Reforms Pensions School lunches Benefits Italy Giovanni Giolitti (1842-1928) Trade unions legalized Railroads nationalized

5. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. Defining the Political Nation A. Nation Making Education e.g. Austria-Hungary Free, compulsory, 1869 National Culture Sedan Day, Germany Britain Silver Jubilee, 1887 Diamond Jubilee, 1897

6. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. Defining the Political Nation B. Crisis, Revolution and Civil War France Napoleon III captured, 1871 Second Republic collapses Third Republic Dreyfus Affair, 1894 Captain Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935) Exonerated, 1906 (B. Crisis, Revolution and Civil War) Russia Absolutism Tsar Alexander II assassinated, 1881 Russo-Japanese War Russian defeat, 1905 > Bloody Sunday, January 22 Strikes, mutinies Nicholas II Concedes elections Ireland Irish Republican Brotherhood Fenians Failed rising, 1867 Sinn Fein, 1898

7. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Broadening the Political Nation A. The Politics of the Working Class Socialism by 1914, parties in 22 nations German Social Democratic Party 40% of Reichstag, 1914 August Bebel (1840-1913) Bismarck dismissed SPD legalized Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) B. Radical Trade Unions and Anarchists Britain, 1882-1913 Union membership: 0.75-4 million Hull dockworkers, 1893 Syndicalism Georges Sorel (1847-1922) Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) Anarchist Assassinations Sadi Carnot, French President, 1894 Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary, 1898 Humbert of Italy, 1900 William McKinley, 1901

8. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Broadening the Political Nation C. The Politics of Race and Nation The Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria Uprisings, 1875, 1876 Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878 Montenegro, Serbia, Romania independent Bulgaria wins autonomy

9. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Broadening the Political Nation (C. The Politics of Race and Nation) Hungary "Magyarization" Czechs Deadlock over language Emperor rules by decree Karl Lueger (1844-1910) Anti-Semitic Mayor of Vienna

10. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Broadening the Political Nation C. The Politics of Race and Nation Anti-Semitism in Political Life Russia, May Laws, 1882 Pogroms Jewish flight to Western Europe Zionism Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) The Jewish State, 1896

11. Chapter 22: The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation and Instability, 1870-1914 Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. Outside the Political Nation? The Experience of Women A. Middle-Class Women New opportunities Public Education Demand for teachers B. Women and the Law Some gains C. Employment and Education Dorothea Beale (1831-1906) Employment opportunities widen France Right to practice law, 1900 Marie Curie, First faculty member, 1906 D. Suffrage Hubertine Auclert (1848-1914) La Citoyenne Franchise for women Finland, 1906 Norway, 1913 Russia, 1917 Britain, 1918 Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928) Christabel Pankhurst (1880-1958) Sylvia Pankhurst (1882-1960)