2. WORTH:

3. 100 200 300 400 500 German Unification Italian Unification France 3 rd Republic Austria Russia The Age of Nation States

4. WORTH: What was the Young Italy Movement? 100 200 300 400 500 SUBJECT: Italian Unification MAIN This was the society that was established by Giuseppe Mazzini that sought to drive Austria from the Italian Peninsula.

5. WORTH: Who was Count Camillo Benso Cavour? (Also founded the Newspaper Il Risorgimento) He was the Prime Minister of Sardinia – Piedmont and used the ideas of Realpolotik to drive the Austrians out of northern Italy. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Italian Unification

6. WORTH: What were Venetia, ( Venice and the area around Venice), and Rome and the Papal States added after the Franco Prussian War and the withdrawal of French troops? These were the last two areas that were added to Italy to complete the unification of the new Nation State. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Italian Unification

7. WORTH: Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi (Known as the Red One, statues are dedicated to him in both Russia and New York City)? He was the swashbuckling leader of the Italian troops that drove the French from southern Italy and favored the establishment of a republican form of government. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Italian Unification

8. WORTH: Who was Victor Emmanuel II ( He had a moustache that could pick up F.M. stations)? He was the former king of Sardinia who became the first King of a unified Italy and belonged to the House of Savoy. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Italian Unification

9. WORTH: What was the Ems Dispatch? This was the letter that Bismarck edited that insulted Napoleon III and helped start the Franco-Prussian War. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: German Unification

10. WORTH: What were the Prussian-Danish War ( 1864), the Austro Prussian War – also known as the 7 Weeks War( 1866) and the Franco- Prussian War (1870-1871)? These were the three wars fought by Prussia that helped to unify Germany as a nation state. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: German Unification

11. WORTH: What was the Zollverein? This was the customs union that was the first step in German Unification, that excluded Austria but included most other German states. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: German Unification

12. WORTH: Who was Frederick William IV and William or Wilhelm I of Prussia? He was the Prussian King that was declared insane and the person that replaced him as the first Emperor or Kaiser of the new German State. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: German Unification

13. WORTH: What was the North German Confederation? This was the name given to the group of countries north of the Main River organized under Prussian leadership. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: German Unification

14. WORTH: What was France, Great Britain, and the Ottoman Empire against Russia and the Treaty was the Treaty of Paris of 1856? These were the participants in the Crimean War and the Treaty that ended the conflict. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: France -The 3 rd Republic

15. WORTH: What was the Battle of Sedan? This was the Battle that France lost in the Franco-Prussian and in which Napoleon III was captured. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: France -The 3 rd Republic

16. WORTH: What was the The Dreyfus Affair the sentencing of Alfred Dreyfus for Treason ? This was the greatest scandal for the French Third Republic which brought out deep rooted Anti- Semitism and a corrupt military and court system? 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: France -The 3 rd Republic

17. WORTH: Who was Adolphe Thiers ? This was the new Premiere of France, given executive power by the National Assembly and negotiated a truce with Prussia and ordered troops to attack Paris and the communards. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: France -The 3 rd Republic

18. WORTH: What was Archduke Maximilian of Austria? He was the Archduke of Austria who was installed in Mexico by Napoleon III and later caught and executed by the government of Benito Juarez. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: France -The 3 rd Republic

19. WORTH: Who was Francis Joseph I? He was the Hapsburg Emperor of Austria who reigned from 1848 until 1916 who reasserted absolutism in Austria after the Revolutions of 1848 - 49. 100 200 300 400 500 SUBJECT: Austria-Hungary MAIN

20. WORTH: What was Ausgleich, negotiated by Francis Deak? This was the German word for the merging of Hungary and Austria into the Dual Monarchies and called the Compromise of 1867. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Austria-Hungary

21. WORTH: Who were the Bohemian Czechs? This was the national group within the Austrian – Hungarian Empire that opposed the Compromise of 1867 and favored a policy of trialism. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Austria-Hungary

22. WORTH: What was Croatia? This was the area within the Hungarian kingdom that was allowed a considerable amount of autonomy. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Austria-Hungary

23. WORTH: What was nationalism? Croats, Serbs, Slavs, Poles, Austrian- Germans, Jews, Turks, etc.) This was the force that tears the Austrian- Hungarian Empire apart and eventually leads to the first World War and the death of 18 million people. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Austria-Hungary

24. WORTH: Who was Alexander II ? He was the Russian Czar who emancipates the serfs and reforms the judicial system, as well as allowing some self government in the zemstvos. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia and Reform

25. WORTH: What was the “People’s Will” a radical branch of the Land and Freedom Society ? This was the terrorist group that was responsible for the death of Alexander II in a bomb explosion. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia and Reform

26. WORTH: What was populism who sought a social revolution based on the communal life of the Russian peasant? This was the radical revolutionary movement spread by students into the country side where most were reported to the secret police and arrested. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia and Reform

27. WORTH: What was Poland, where Alexander II, then attempted to Russify the area? This was the area of the Russian Empire that attempted to revolt in 1863 and was ruthlessly suppressed by Alexander II. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia and Reform

28. WORTH: What was the Crimean War and the Treaty of Paris 1856? ( Everyone gets to use the Danube) This was the conflict that embarrassed the Russian government and revealed the problems of the Russian Military that was based on privilege and not merit. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia and Reform