1. Humoral Immunity presented by Dr. MAHROO MIRAHMADIAN Professor of Immunology Tehran University of Medical Sciences

2. Antibodies

3. Antibody Structure and function

5. Protein electrophoresis

6. Multiple Myeloma

9. Antigen Binding Site

10. Antibodies are Proteins that Recognize Specific Antigens

11. Hypervariable regions

13. Antibody is a flexible molecule

14. Immunoglobulin Domain

15. Ig Superfamily

16. A MW of 45,000 Da A MW of 50,000 Da A MW of 100,000 Da A MW of 50,000 Da A MW of 25,000 Da A MW of 150,000 Da Proteolytic Digestion

18. Antibody classes

21. IgG subclasses

22. Opsonization

24. Complement activation

25. Neutralization

26. ADCC

27.  Opsonization of bacteria for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils  Neutralization of toxins  Activation of the classical pathway of complement  Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK cells.  Neutralization of microbes  Transfer of maternal antibody across the placenta and gut. Effector functions of IgG Antibody

28.  IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 readily cross the placenta (neonatal immunity)  IgG3, IgG1 are effective complement activator, and IgG4 is not able to activate complement.  IgG1 and IgG3 bind to Fc receptors on phagocytic cells and thus mediate opsonization. Effector functions of IgG subclasses

29. sIgA

31. Neutralization

32. Mucosal immunity: secretion of IgA into the lumens of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Neonatal immunity: transfer of maternal IgA from breast milk Neutralization of bacteria, viruses and toxins Effector functions of IgA antibody

33. IgM

34. Effector functions of IgM antibody  Elevated level of IgM usually indicated either recent infection or recent exposure to the antigen.  Isohemagglutinins.  Antigen receptor of naive B lymphocyte.  Activation of classical pathway of complement.  IgM is the first antibody produced in a primary response to an antigen.

36. Effector functions of IgD antibody IgD, together with IgM, is expressed by matureB cell

38. IgE

39. Allergen cross-linkage of receptor-bound IgE on mast cells induces degranulation

41. Mast cells basophils and activated eosinophils bind IgE antibody via Fc  R  Mast cells contain cytoplasmic granules that contain mixture of chemical mediators: histamine which make local blood vessels permeable.  Lipid mediators such as prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 and to secret cytokines such as TNF- 

42. ADCC

43.  IgE antibody mediate immediate hypersensitivity reaction.  Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) involving eosinophils Effector functions of IgE antibody

44.  Isotype  Allotype  Idiotype

45. Idiotype