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Chapter 20 The Imperial Republic
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The New Manifest Destiny Reasons for Imperialism:
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Close of the Frontier: Worry about resources Need alternative sources abroad
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Panic of 1893: Businessmen looking for new markets overseas $
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Exports: 1870 $395,000,000 1890 $857,000,000 1900 $1,400,000,000
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
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The Influence of Sea Power upon History
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US needs: *Productive Economy *Foreign Commerce *Strong Merchant Marine *Navy to Protect Trade Routes *Colonies for Raw Materials
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Since US bound by two oceans: *Must become a sea power *CANAL!!!
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Albert Jeremiah Beveridge
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Steps to Imperialism
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ALASKA *1867 *William Seward *$7.2 million *called Seward’s Folly
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Midway 1867 Samoa 1878 Congress stops bid to get: Virgin Islands Santo Domingo
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*US traders come in 1790 *missionaries follow 1820 *Planters come for sugar and fruits 1835
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*1875 Trade agreement *1887 US gets rights to Pearl Harbor *Planters becoming economically powerful
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Queen Liliuokalani
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1893 Planters lead Revolt against Queen 5% of population Get help from Marines
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Sanford
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*Treaty of Annexation sent to the Senate by Harrison - blocked in Senate by Democrats
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*Republic of Hawaii declared 1894 *McKinley gets treaty accepted in 1898 – worried about Great Britain
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Colony of Spain since Columbus
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*Cubans begin revolt in 1868 *new revolt starts in 1895 *Guerrilla war against economy *US has $50 million invested
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General Weyler “The Butcher”
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William Randolph Hearst
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Joseph Pulitzer
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USS Maine
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February 15,1898
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April 25, 1898 Congress declares WAR! Teller Amendment-US would not take permanent control over Cuba
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John Hay Sec. Of State “A splendid little war”
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Spanish-American War 460 killed 5200 die of disease
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Problems: *Raise troops *Supply troops *Transport Troops
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Admiral George Dewey
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Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt
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Battle of Manila Bay
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May 1, 1898 Spanish casualties: 381 American casualties: 1 killed 8 wounded
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1 st US Volunteer Cavalry Commander Leonard Wood
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2 nd in command:
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Rough Riders lead charges up San Juan and Kettle Hills Spanish fleet destroyed fleeing Santiago Harbor Spanish surrender July 16
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San Juan Hill
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Treaty of Paris 1898 *Cuba independent *Guam & Puerto Rico to US *Philippines to US *US to pay $20 million
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Robert Gascoyne Cecil 9 th Earl & 3 rd Marquess of Salisbury
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The Anti-Imperialists (Goo-Goos)
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Andrew Carnegie
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Mark Twain
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Samuel Gompers
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Grover Cleveland
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Carl Schurz
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Charles W. Eliot President of Harvard Called Lodge & TR degenerated sons of Harvard
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Thomas Reed Speaker of the House “Czar” Reed
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William Jennings Bryan
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Reasons for Anti-Imperialism: *Against American Ideals *Cost *Lack of Benefits *Large Army & Navy *Race
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Imperialists (Jingoes)
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“We don’t want to fight, but by jingo, if we do, We’ve got the men, we’ve got the ships, we’ve got the money too.” Popular saying in England 1878
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Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
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Brooks Adams
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Henry Adams
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Elihu Root
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Reasons for Imperialism *Economic Benefits *Defense *Altruism *Supremacy *Racism
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Bryan tells Democratic Senators to vote for Treaty of Paris WHY???? Needs new campaign issue for 1900
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Election of 1900 *Bryan runs for Democrats *Makes the Philippines the issue Bryan
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Bryan15545.5% McKinley 292 51.7%
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Why did Bryan lose? *Many like Imperialism *Growing economic prosperity *Republicans add a personality stronger than Bryan
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Teddy is VP
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Cuba * Army stays until 1902 *Commanded by Leonard Wood *Builds roads, hospitals, schools
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Platt Amendment *US pressures Cuba to add to their Constitution -can’t make treaties with other countries -US gets naval station
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- US has right to intervene to preserve independence - Cuba can’t have debt above ability to pay back
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Why is America so concerned about Cuba? Canal
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Why do the Goo Goos lose? Base too narrow Not consistent Look backwards, Jingos forward Out of touch Schurz 69 TR 40 Hoar 72 Lodge 48 Norton 71 Beveridge 36
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Philippine War 1898-1902 4300 US deaths 50,000 Filipinos
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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General Arthur MacArthur
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Mac Arthur feels more severe methods needed Execute prisoners Put people in camps
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The Butcher
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William Howard Taft names Governor of Philippines Will get Philippines ready for independence July 4, 1946
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William Howard Taft
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Open Door Policy
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Boxer Rebellion
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