1. HINARI Short Course

2. Table of Contents Background and Dos and Donts Searching Strategies & Boolean Operators Sign In Procedures HINARI Website Features Partner Publishers Websites Features PubMed Searching from HINARI –Overview of PubMed Website –Limits and Advanced Search –My NCBI

3. HINARI The Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) is coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaboration between the WHO, publishers and other health care content owners To provide biomedical and health care research and guideline information to non-profit academic and research institutions, governmental and policy making departments in low income countries. AGORA (agricultural research) and OARE (environmental research) are similar programs

4. HOA URLs HINARI: health (<5,000 journals) http://www.who.int/hinari/en/ AGORA: agriculture (<900 journals) http://www.aginternetwork.org/en/ OARE: environment (<1300 journals) ttp://www.oaresciences.org/en/ http://www.who.int/hinari/en/ http://www.aginternetwork.org/en/ttp://www.oaresciences.org/en/ updated: 09 2008

5. Eligibility/Registration Institutions in countries with GNI (gross national income) per capita below $1250 are eligible for free access (Band 1) Institutions in countries with GNI per capita between $1250-$3500 pay a fee of $1000 per year / institution (Band 2) For details, see http://www.who.int/hinari/eligibility/en/ http://www.who.int/hinari/eligibility/en/

6. HINARI License Agreement List of terms and conditions for Phase 1 institutional users –http://www.who.int/entity/hinari/about/Lic ence%20Agreement%20Phase%201%2 0(free%20access).pdfhttp://www.who.int/entity/hinari/about/Lic ence%20Agreement%20Phase%201%2 0(free%20access).pdf

7. HINARI Dos/Users Material owned by the Publishers made available through HINARI can be used by Authorized Users or Walk-in Users –An Authorized User: an institutions or government departments employee, permanent or visiting faculty, or student –Walk-in User: anyone who comes to the Institutions premises and is permitted by the Institution to access services there

8. HINARI Dos/Articles For HINARI Band 1 participants: institution may supply printed or digital materials (documents) to the institutions employees, faculty members, students or another Authorized User remote access is permissible but limited to computers owned personally by employees or by institution publishers material may be placed in print Course Packs or placed in Electronic Reserves for students (delete after the end of the course)

9. HINARI Donts/Articles Downloading/Printing: users cannot download complete journal issues or books (per journal issue or book, 15% limit) Course Packs: academic and teaching staff –cannot make a profit from the publishers material –can charge for cost of printing only

10. HINARI Donts/Articles Document supply: Cannot distribute documents obtained through HINARI to any other individuals or organizations outside the registered institution Document fees: The institution may not supply the document for a fee except to recover cost of printing Uploading: Cannot upload the material to or post to a publicly available website or elsewhere

11. HINARI Donts/Content & Software Cannot –modify, adapt, transform or create any derivative work from the Publishers Material (consequence: immediate termination of the contract between the publisher and the institution) –modify, adapt, transform or create any derivative work or version from the Publishers access software or hosting agent –tamper or amend the Publishers access software

12. HINARI Donts/Access Do not give the Publishers Material or User Name/Password to other individuals or institutions –if others are interested in HINARI, send them to their institutions libraries Do not access HINARI while traveling outside the country Do not put the User Name/ Password on the Institutions website –can put a link to initial page of HINARI or have information about HINARI

13. Suggestion Modify the Dos and Donts Template (Word document) for your institution Print copies and distribute to HINARI users - when you supply the IDs and Passwords Have each new users read the Dos and Donts and sign that they understand and accept the limits You will have fulfilled your responsibilities as a provider of the Institutional IDs and Passwords

14. Name of Institution HINARI USAGE POLICY Institutional ID: _______ Password:_______ HINARI DOs Material owned by the Publishers made available through HINARI can be used by Authorized Users or Walk-in Users An Authorized User is an institutions or government departments employee, permanent or visiting faculty, or student Walk-in User are anyone who comes to the Institutions premises and is permitted by the Institution to access services there Institution may supply printed or digital materials (documents) only to the institutions employees, faculty members, students oranother Authorized User Remote access is permissible but limited to computers owned personally by employees or by institution Publishers material may be placed in electronic reserves for students to access in specified education courses (delete after the end of the course) HINARI DONTs Downloading or printing: users cannot download or print complete journal issues or books (per journal issue or book, 15% limit) Course Packs: academic and teaching staff may make copies in print or digital form of the Publishers Material for course packs; only can recover the cost of producing such course packs from the students; cannot make a profit from the Publishers Material Document supply: cannot distribute documents obtained through HINARI to any other individuals or organizations outside the Institution Uploading: cannot upload/post the material to a publicly available website or elsewhere Cannot modify, adapt, transform or create any derivative work from the publishers material, software or hosting agent or tamper with the access software Do not give the Publishers Material or ID/password to other individuals or institutions (if others at your institution are interested, send them to the Library) Do not access HINARI while traveling outside the country Do not put the ID and password on the Institutions website; a link to the initial page of HINARI or information about the program is acceptable SIGNATURE:___________________________________ DATE:_____________ PRINT NAME:___________________________________

15. Exercise 1 Complete exercise 1 on the worksheet.

16. Searching Strategy Overview 1. Define your information need –What sort of information are you looking for? Is it for specific information? - from a data book, encyclopaedia, dictionary or textbook Is it general information within a subject area? Does the search require more thought and information? –Who is going to use the information? Is it for a clinician, researcher, student or a member of the public?

17. 2. Choose your search terms –What are the key phrases and/or unique words that might appear in a website or article? –Are there synonyms, alternate spellings, plurals or capitals that should be considered? –What broader topic is the search part of or related to?

18. 3. Decide which sources to use –What sources are appropriate? This can range from organizations websites and news articles to subject gateways and databases, journals, reference resources, e- books or reports and grey literature.

19. 4. Run the search Take the terms/keywords you have decided on Find the sources you are going to search Read the Help page!! to find out how that particular tool works Run the search

20. 5. Review and revise your search –Be prepared to review and revise your search scope and strategy – by using other sources of information or other search terms or different combinations of terms or by using a different type of search –Try new sources of information (familiarity is sometimes too easy) –Start again near the beginning of this process if you need to See the INASP Introduction to Using the Internet workshop http://www.inasp.info/training/internet/

21. Boolean (Search) Operators Connect terms and locate records containing matching terms Inserted in a search box – AND, OR, NOT Must be in UPPERCASE when used AND, NOT operators are processed in a left- to right sequence. These are processed first before the OR operators OR operators are also processed from left- to-right

22. AND Operator (to combine two concepts) the AND operator is used to combine two concepts e.g. hip AND fracture – in the shaded area

23. AND Operator (to combine three concepts) the AND operator is used to combine three concepts e.g. hip AND fracture AND elderly – in the shaded area

24. OR Operator (info containing one or other term) renal OR kidney – in the shaded area with the overlap in the middle having both search terms

25. NOT Operator (in one term or the other) pig NOT guinea – in the shaded area; eliminates items in 2nd term (guinea) or both terms

26. Other search engine functions Phrase or proximity searching: … or (…) – allows you to search for an exact phraseinformation literacy prevention and (malaria parasite) Truncation/wildcards: * –allow you to search alternative spellings child* for child OR childs OR children parasite* for parasite OR parasites Alternate spellings: ? –can be used to substitute for characters anywhere in a word wom ? n would search for woman and women

27. Africa AND (malaria OR tuberculosis) malariatuberculosis africa Africa AND (malaria or tuberculosis) – in the shaded area The (OR) operator retains items in each term and the AND operator is used to combine two concepts

28. More Search Techniques Field Specific Searching –author, title, journal, date, url, etc. Language Restrictions, Humans or Animals, Gender and other limits (to be discussed in PubMed LIMITS) Relevancy Ranking –a grading that gives extra weight to a document when the search terms appear in the headline or are capitalized –every found document is calculated as 100% multiply by the angle formed by weights vector for request and weights vector for document found

29. Exercise 2 Complete exercise 2 on the worksheet.

30. HINARI Website This is the initial page of the HINARI website. Note in the left-hand column, that there are links to the Full-text journals, database and other resources, Eligibility, Register, FAQs and Training pages.

31. The HINARI website address To access the HINARI website enter the URL http://www.who.int/hinari.

32. Logging in to HINARI 1 Login to the HINARI website by clicking HINARI LOGIN.

33. Logging into HINARI 2 We will need to insert our HINARI User Name and Password in the Login box and click on the Login button. Note: If you do not properly sign on, you will not have access to full text articles.

34. If you fail to use the Login page, you will have a second option on the Full text journals, databases, and other resources sub-page.

35. Once logged-in, you will be taken into the Full text journals, databases, and other resources sub-page of the website. Note the You are logged in message. This proper login also can be confirmed by the http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomextranet... url http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomextranet

36. Accessing journals by title 1 Journals can be accessed by title from an alphabetical list. Note there also is a View complete list of journals option.

37. We have displayed the L journal list. Click on the title for The Lancet. The green box notes access to the contents of the journal for you while the ! notes that your institution is denied access (predominantly Band 2 although some Band 1). Note that the years of volumes available are listed after the journal title.

38. Accessing journals by title 4 Another window will open at the journal publishers website.

39. For each article, there are three options: [Abstract], [Full Text] or [PDF] formats.

40. You can get the article in Full Text or HTML format that includes links to sections of the article, bibliographic citations or related articles.

41. Full-text Article Access Problems Using the Journals by title A-Z list, we are attempting to access a full-text article from the Blood. Although HINARI users should have access to this journal, we will use this as an example of what could go wrong.

42. Access problems can be caused by: 1)failure to properly LOGIN with the institution's User Name/Password 2)technical problems at the Publisher's website 3) or problems with local systems (configuration of user institutions firewall, configuration of browser) 4) The publisher has not authorized access - mostly Band 2 countries Consequently, you may see a message on the Publisher denying access and requesting LOGIN or payment for the specific article. Note: Your HINARI institutional User Name/Password will NOT work.

43. To confirm that you have used the institutional User Name and Password correctly, check that you have the You are logged in message. This also is confirmed in the address or URL search box of the web browser. If properly authenticated, you will see a URL that begins with: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecom...

44. Accessing journals by title 1 NOTE: If you have problems when you are accessing a full-text journal from HINARI/PubMed (not via the links from the principal HINARI page), there is one other step to check. (Further details in the PubMed section of the short course). If you are unable to access an article from a journal via the Link Out icons in HINARI/PubMed, double check this by going to the title in the Journals by title A-Z list and also verify the years of volumes available.

45. When viewing any page of the Journals by title A-Z list, the green box notes if your institution has access to the contents of the journal. The ! notes that your institution is denied access (predominantly Band 2 although some Band 1). If you are denied access to a full-text article despite the green box, follow the instructions in the next slide. Note that the years of volumes available are listed after the journal title.

46. Double check that you have completed the HINARI LOGIN. If this is not the problem, notify HINARI staff (hinari@who.int) so that they can communicate with the Publisher and resolve the problem. This example is an email received from a HINARI user in Uganda. Note: make sure you include your institutional User Name, the name of the journal(s) and other details. Also include a screen capture that contains the URL (Internet address) of the journal (seen next slide).

47. This is the example of the screen capture that was attached to the email message for hinari@who.int For the JEM article, it noted that This item requires a subscription. The publisher requested that the user Sign in (User Name and Password for individual subscription) or Purchase Short-Term Access.hinari@who.int Note: this screen capture includes the URL of the journal. This information is invaluable to the HINARI staff who will try to resolve the access problem. You can create a screen capture by clicking on the Print Screen key while viewing the webpage of the journal. Then paste (edit/paste or control/v) the material into a word processing document and send as an attachment.

48. This additional screen capture notes that the journal is listed on the J page of the Journals by Title A-Z list, that the requested journal issue is available and that, by the green box, the institution should have access to the journal. If the HINARI authentication system had worked properly, the user would have had access to the journal article.

49. Accessing journals by via PubMed Click on the link to find articles through PubMed. Using PubMed will be covered in subsequent modules.

50. Accessing journals by subject 1 Click on the link to find journals by Subject.

51. Accessing journals by subject 4 An alphabetical list of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases journals is now displayed with links to the journal websites.

52. By clicking on a journal title, you will open the journal in a new window: Trends in Parasitology.

53. Publishers Websites We can also access full text resources from Partner publishers services websites by selecting from dropdown menu (to be discussed in the next section).

54. Other full text sources 1 There are a number of Databases and (bibliographic) Indexes. these can be accessed from the list on the right- hand side of the website. CINAHL is a useful database for Nursing material.

55. African Index Medicus We have selected African Index Medicus.

56. Exercises 3-4 Complete exercises 3-4 on the worksheet.

57. Partner Publishers Websites From the Partner publisher services dropdown menu, click on the Elsevier Science Direct website. Note that this drop down menu only contains the major HINARI participating publishers. For a list of complete list of publishers and journals, go to the Find journals by publisher list on the left side of the page.

58. Publishers websites We have entered the Elsevier Science Direct website.

59. Searching – Science Direct Searching can be done across the publishers website by title, abstract, keywords, author or journal title. You also can browse by title and broad subjects in the left-hand column. The website also is a database of articles. In Science Direct, there are over 8,000,000 full text articles.

60. Science Direct 2 ScienceDirect allows us to search across journals within the Elsevier collection. In this example, we will go to the Search page and enter TUBERCULOSIS in the Terms box and select All Journals from the Source drop down menu.

61. Science Direct 3 These are the results for the search tuberculosis in All journals that located 5721 articles. The green box notes that, via HINARI, the articles are full-text available.

62. HighWire Press 3 This is the HighWire Press initial page. From here we can locate articles or journal titles or subject and set up an email alert. The journals free to developing-economies list is located in the by other list box. Note: You can access the HighWire Press full-text articles since access is based on the computers address http//:highwire.stanford.edu This is the ONLY exception to not needing to use your institutions User Name and Password.

63. You now have accessed thejournals free to developing- economies list of Highwire Press. As noted, the access is based on IP Address and there is no need to LOGIN via HINARI. You can go directly to the site using the url.

64. HighWire Press 4 Within HighWire Press, you can Browse Journals alphabetically (via title). Note that some journals are a free site and others have free issues; the HINARI access is a different mix of titles.

65. Wiley InterScience 2 The Wiley website also allows us to browse journals by subject area or A-Z title list.

66. Exercises 5-7 Complete exercises 5-7 on the worksheet.