1. ATP, Photosynthesis, & Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Notes

2. 9.1 Notes What is ATP? ATP is the high energy organic molecule used by all cells to perform their daily functions. ATP stands for ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE! 2

3. Copyright Cmassengale
What is the structure of ATP? ATP consists of an adenine molecule, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups (draw in notes from the board)
Copyright Cmassengale 3

4. Copyright Cmassengale
What Does ATP Do for You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
Copyright Cmassengale 4

5. Where is the energy found in the ATP molecule
Where is the energy found in the ATP molecule? The energy in ATP is stored in the bonds between the phosphate molecules!
Chemical Bond Demonstration!
Chemical bonds are like stretched rubber bands
They are full of potential energy and when you release the rubber band all of that energy is released!

6. How do you release that energy?
Breaking the high-energy bonds between the last two phosphates releases the energy so the cell can use it! 6

7. What breaks the bond? An enzyme called ATPase breaks the bond
- When a phosphate is removed from ATP the molecule ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is formed and energy is released 7

8. So how do we remake ATP from ADP?
So now we have a bunch of ADP in the cell. But the cell needs a constant supply of energy which it gets from ATP!!!!
So how do we remake ATP from ADP?
Another enzyme called ATPsynthase is used which puts the phosphate back on! 8

9. ATP to ADP Cycle
Draw From Board

10. ATP is made all of the time in cells
The process that makes ATP is called Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration occurs in both plants & animals 10

11. ATP to ADP Cartoon Activity
Read the information and follow the instructions.
Use the example on the board as a guide
Color your cartoon.

12. 9.2 Notes: Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is one of the most important chemical reactions on our planet

13. What is Photosynthesis
What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction process that autotrophs like plants must do to make the sugar glucose. Glucose is then used to make ATP in cellular respiration

14. Defining Photosynthesis
It is the process of changing light energy into chemical energy
The chemical energy is the carbohydrate (sugar) glucose

15. The equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis
DRAW from board into notes

16. Where does photosynthesis happen?
Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplasts of plants
The green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs light energy is the main pigment in chloroplasts

17. Diagram of key parts in photosynthesis draw from board

18. Why is photosynthesis important?
It provides plants with glucose
Animals eat the plants which supplies animals with glucose - Plants are the first step in the energy pyramid
3) The oxygen released during photosynthesis is used by all living things to do aerobic respiration
4) It removes carbon dioxide form the atmosphere and keeps the carbon cycle in balance

19. Waterweed Simulation Lab
What factors affect photosynthesis?
Measuring amount of photosynthesis by counting the bubbles of oxygen produced by waterweed (elodea plant)
Looking at three factors:
Light color
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide levels

20. Notes 9.3 Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process of making ATP from glucose.

21. What is Cellular Respiration
What is Cellular Respiration? Once glucose is acquired either by photosynthesis or consuming other organisms, an organism has to transform the glucose energy into a form that can be used by the organism called called ATP. This process is called cellular respiration

22. Facts about Cellular Respiration
1) It is the breakdown of glucose molecules to make ATP
2) Takes place in all living things
3) May use oxygen - called AEROBIC Respiration
Very efficient makes 36 ATP per glucose
4) May not use oxygen – called ANAEROBIC respiration
Not efficient: only 2 ATP per glucose

23. Facts about Aerobic respiration
1) Must have oxygen!
2) Very efficient – best way to make ATP because it makes a net of 36 ATP!
3) Must have mitochondria to do it!

24. What is the chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
Draw from board

25. Steps in Aerobic Cellular Respiration
What
Where
Oxygen needed?
# of net ATP
1. Glycolysis
cytoplasm
Anaerobic
NO! 2
2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
mitochondria
Aerobic
YES!
3. Electron transport chain (E.T.C.) 32
Total ATP produced 36

26. What happens during aerobic respiration?
Draw from board

27. But what happens if no oxygen is present, our cells run out of oxygen or an organism doesn’t have mitochondria like bacteria?
Without oxygen, cells have to make ATP anaerobically in ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION also called FERMENTATION!

28. Facts about Anaerobic Respiration
1) Only way organisms like yeast (a eukaryote) and bacteria (prokaryotes) can make ATP!
2) No oxygen required!
3) Very inefficient – only 2 ATP produced instead of 36!
4) Another term for anaerobic respiration is FERMENTATION

29. Facts about Fermentation
Type 1) Lactic acid fermentation- happens in our muscle cells run out of oxygen
Produces only 2 ATP
Produces painful buildup of lactic acid in our cells
Type 2) Alcoholic fermentation – done by yeast and one way to make beer and wine.
Produces carbon dioxide (beer bubbles) and alcohols