1. Ecology The study of the interactions among organisms and their environment Biotic – Living or once-living (list 5) Abiotic – Non living (list 5)

2. Levels of Organization Do you remember the previous levels?? Organism – a deer Population – a herd of deer Community – deer + rabbits Ecosystem – deer + rabbits + trees + water etc. Biome – make up the earth

3. Limiting Factors Any biotic or abiotic factor that limits the number of individuals in a population Ex: a drought might reduce the number of plants which means that animals would have less food What is another limiting factor?

4. Ecosystem Vocabulary Habitat – The place where an organism lives Niche – an organism’s particular role in an ecosystem (producer, consumer etc) Biodiversity – the number of different species of plants and animals in a ecosystem Competition – the struggle between organisms for the limited resources in a habitat

5. Activity Pick an Environment that you are familiar with (farm, lake, beach etc) List as many organisms that you can think of that live in that environment How do they interact with each other? Ex: what eats what? – lives where?

6. Food Chains Herbivore – Carnivore – Omnivore - Decomposer – Scavenger – Producer - plant eater meat eater both plant and meat eater an organism that breaks down dead organisms a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead animals Makes its own food Define:Example:

7. Food Chain a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member

8. Food Web A food web shows a FLOW OF ENERGY through an ecosystem Multiple food chains connected Arrows show direction of energy, not what eats what!!!

9. Energy Pyramid A diagram that shows the amount of energy available at each level of an ecosystem

10. Energy Transfer in an Ecosystem Fold your paper in half – hamburger On the inside bottom part, copy what is written below Tuna Herring CopepodsSardines DiatomsPlankton

11. Energy Transfer in an Ecosystem Get a piece of transparency Food Chain: shows the transfer of energy through a single pathway in an ecosystem On the first layer, label the following (you don’t recopy the words, just draw on top) Tuna Herring CopepodsSardines DiatomsPlankton producer Herbivore or primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer

12. Energy Transfer in an Ecosystem Food Web: shows multiple pathways through which energy flows in an ecosystem On the second layer, label the following (you don’t recopy the words, just draw on top) Tuna Herring CopepodsSardines DiatomsPlankton

13. Energy Transfer in an Ecosystem Energy Pyramid: shows how energy is lost as it travels through an ecosystem On the third layer, label the following (you don’t recopy the words, just draw on top) Tuna Herring CopepodsSardines DiatomsPlankton 10% 100% 1%.1%

14. What animal would be the most affected if the butterfly were removed?

15. Symbiosis – any close interaction between 2 or more species Commensalism – one benefits and the other is not harmed (ex: hermit crab) Mutualism – both organisms benefit (ex: sea anemone and clownfish) Parisitism – one benefits while the other is harmed (ex: fungus)

16. Shark and Lamprey Clownfish and Sea Anemone

17. Crocodile and Plover Egret and any large Animal

18. Adaptations Adaptations are traits of an organism that has been favored by natural selection and increases the fitness of its possessor These adaptations allow the organism to survive and produce offspring which insures that these traits will be passed on

19. Examples of Adaptation Structural Adaptations Teeth, beaks etc body coverings - fur, scales movement – how they find food Mimicry – look like more dangerous animals Protective Coloration (camouflage) – allows an animal to blend in to environment

20. More Adaptations Behavioral Adaptations Can be learned or instinctive Social behavior Protection Migration – move from one region to another Hibernation – a deep sleep that some animals participate in

21. Effects of the environment Growth – trees grow better in different environments Appearance – Siamese cats coloring is affected by the amount of heat it receives Gender – some animals can change their sex due to their environment (fish, alligators)

22. What is Photosynthesis? What is Respiration?

23. Photosynthesis Plant cells contain chloroplasts. These little 'factories' within the plant cells use the compound chlorophyll to take the energy from sunlight, and combine it with carbon dioxide and water... to produce oxygen and glucose (a form of sugar). 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy --> 6O2 + C6H12O6

24. Respiration Other 'factories' within the cell make use of the glucose molecule; these cell parts are called the mitochondria. Each mitochondrion takes glucose, breaks it down into atoms, and by mixing it with the atoms from more oxygen, produces carbon dioxide, water and energy... energy in a form that can be used by all cells. 6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

25. Importance of these Processes Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two processes that affect concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere. They are the main source of energy in all living things and provide power for different activities of cells.

26. Ecological Succession A process in which a plant community replaces another in a predictable manner until a final community is established Primary – after a area that has not been disturbed lava flow, glacier etc Secondary – after disturbed by natural or man made causes forest fire, volcano eruption

27. Write list and define Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Decomposer

28. Warm Up What is a Wetland? – (not the former Ranger Closer!! )

29. Conclusion Question Why are wetlands so important to Earth? (at least 4 sentences in your spiral) Your packet and homework from Monday are due tomorrow!!!