1. Agriculture and First Nation Peoples Tom Allen Indigenous Land Management Institute University of Saskatchewan

3. The Treaties “We want cattle, tools, agricultural implements, and assistance in everything when we come to settle-- our country is no longer able to support us.” --Chief Sweet Grass

4. Average Farm Size in Saskatchewan

5. Population reporting Aboriginal ancestry (origin), Canada, 1901-2001 Source: Statistics Canada

6. Per Capita Land Base  1876 ---128 acres per capita  2010 --- 50 to 70 acres per capita

7. Farm Income per farm by revenue class, 2007-2008 Source: Statistics Canada Revenue Class Farm Market Receipts Program Payments Expenses Net Farm Income Net Income Without Programs Average per farm in 2007 ($) $10,000 to $100,00033,9744,86636,6042,236 -2,630 $100,000 to $250,000142,14918,823131,26229,710 10,887 $250,000 to $500,000316,43033,742278,43971,733 37,991 $500,000 to $1,000,000627,74357,690560,164125,268 67,578 $1,000,000 and Over2,688,483153,7882,582,831259,439 105,651 Average per farm in 2008 ($) $10,000 to $100,00034,3064,38837,0431,651 -2,737 $100,000 to $250,000144,47416,614131,79729,291 12,677 $250,000 to $500,000320,96030,450275,61875,792 45,342 $500,000 to $1,000,000634,31251,977547,366138,922 86,945 $1,000,000 and Over2,660,701145,9862,482,431324,257 178,271

8. BSE and Government Support  2003 discovery of BSE resulted in significant loss to livestock producers and the Canadian livestock industry  Government responded through the creation of several support programs

9. Participation  Less than 5% of First Nation cattle producers surveyed participated in support programs  Compare to over 80% participation by producers in total

10. SK Net Farm Income and Net Farm Income Minus Program Payments Source: Statistics Canada Program Payments

11. “The Obama administration announced a $760 million settlement Tuesday to resolve charges by thousands of Native American farmers and ranchers who say that for decades the Agriculture Department discriminated against them in loan programs.” Oct. 2010

12. Opportunities/Solutions

13. Source: Saskatchewan Labour Market Commission

15. Source: Statistics Canada

19. “Food security in rural and remote communities is a real issue.”

21. What is Needed?  Sovereignty over land  Right institutions  The right policies  Access to resources  True partnerships  Focus on education and training