1. Chapter 9 Section 1
The Western Pioneers

2. Americans Head West
In 1800, 387,000 white settlers lived west of Appalachian Mountains
by 1820= 2.4 million
Reasons for heading west:
Religious reasons
Chance to own their own land
New opportunities for wealth
John Louis O’Sullivan
Magazine editor-> declare it was “manifest destiny” of Americans to settle all of the continent (West)

3. Manifest Destiny

5. Manifest Destiny

8. Americans Head West Farming New Lands Plows and Reapers
Farmers marked out the most fertile soil for their own
Squatters- settled on land that didn’t belong to them
Congressed passed the Preemption Act of 1830
Gave squatters opportunity to claim and buy their land
Up to 160 acres, $1.25 per acre
Plows and Reapers
Jethro Wood-> patented iron blade plow (1819)
John Deere-> created a plow with sharp-edged steel blades (1837)
Cyrus McCormick-> mechanical reaper (1834)

9. Jethro Wood

10. John Deere

11. Cyrus McCormick

12. Settling the Pacific Coast
Latecomers to the Midwest headed to California and Oregon
Dividing Oregon
Oregon was shared by G.B. and the U.S.
Missionaries who were reaching out to N.A. in Oregon
-> helped spread the word about settling Oregon
Populating California
California-> belonged to Spain
Gov. of California gave land to German immigrant John Sutter
Built a trading post and cattle ranch
1845-> over 200 Americans settled their

13. Settling the Pacific Coast
Trails West
Kit Carson and Jim Bridger-> gained knowledge of Pacific frontier from natives
Carved out several east-to-west passages-> played a vital role in settling the west
Most popular-> Oregon Trail
Wagon Train Life
Made the journey in covered wagons
at 1st Hired mountain men to help guide them
As trails became worn overlanders found their own way
Also used guidebooks
Read about the Donner Party on pg.296.
Typical trip took 5 to 6 months-> traveling roughly 15 miles per day
Roles of men:
Roles of women:

14. John Sutter

15. Oregon Trail

16. Oregon Trail

17. Settling the Pacific Coast
Native Americans
Feared attacks by NA’s-> from 1840 to 1860, 362 travelers were killed by NA’s-> 426 NA’s were killed by travelers
NA’s were very helpful for most part
Gave food, info about routes, edible pants, and water sources
As travelers increased, NA’s feared they would loose their livelihood (Buffalo)
Led to Treaty of Fort Laramie
Promised NA’s land

18. Mormon Migration Read Mormon Migration on pg. 297
Why did the Mormons head west?
What happened to Joseph Smith?
Who emerged as the new leader of the Mormons?
Describe the Mormon Trail.