2. What comes to mind when you hear “apparel/textile industry”? Do we have Apparel/Textile Industries in our town, county, state? Still Standing start at 20:00 Still Standing Parker Legwear

3. Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Apparel & Textile Production Objective 1.01A

4. Background Information The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18 th to 19 th centuries, was a period of transition to new manufacturing processes. This transition included going from hand production to machines production methods, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, and the development of machine tools. During this period, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.

5. The Industrial Revolution & The Textile Industry The textile industry was transformed by industrialization. Before mechanization and factories, textiles were made mainly in people’s homes. In the 1700’s, a series of innovations led to ever- increasing productivity, while requiring less human energy. Examples: Flying Shuttle Spinning Mule Spinning Jenny Cotton Gin

6. Flying Shuttle Was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving. It allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabrics, and it could be mechanized, allowing for automatic machine looms. It was patented by John Kay in 1733. Video of the flying shuttle: www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCpYJ7iiS40 www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCpYJ7iiS40

7. Spinning Jenny The spinning jenny is a multi-spindle spinning frame. It was invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves The device reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. This grew to 120 as technology advanced. Video of a spinning jenny: http://history.howstuffwor ks.com/31667-industrial- revelations-spinning- jenny-video.htm http://history.howstuffwor ks.com/31667-industrial- revelations-spinning- jenny-video.htm

8. Spinning Mule The spinning jenny was improved upon by spinning mule. Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule in 1779. The spinning mule is a machine used to spin cotton and other fibers in the mills. The spinning mule spins textile fibers into yarn by an intermittent process.

9. Cotton Gin The Cotton Gin was a machine that automated the separation of cottonseed from the short-staple cotton fiber. Eli Whitney was the inventor of the cotton gin (1794) and a pioneer in the mass production of cotton. Prior to his invention, farming cotton required hundreds of man-hours to separate the cottonseed from the raw cotton fibers. Videos about the cotton gin: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SMNYivhGsc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SMNYivhGsc

10. The Sewing Machine Elias Howe was an American inventor and sewing machine pioneer. Howe did not invent the sewing machine, but he originated significant refinements to the design concepts of his predecessors.

11. Elias Howe These refinements included: needle with the eye at the point automatic feed shuttle beneath the cloth to form the lock stitch. Dreaming of Sewing Macines In 1846 he was awarded the first United States patent for a sewing machine using a lockstitch design.

12. Videos and Articles ● http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpwaVq TFteo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpwaVq TFteo

13. Quiet Debate Which Industrial Revolution invention changed fashion the most? Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny Cotton Gin Spinning Mule Research your invention and come up with arguments that support your invention’s influence. List arguments on handout