1. SECTION THREE THE JUDICIAL BRANCH AND ARTICLES 4,5, AND 6

2. Judicial Branch Article 3
The job of the Judicial Branch is to interpret the laws
Judicial Power is given to the Supreme Court and lower courts set up by Congress
Federal Courts that are under the Supreme Courts are set up by Congress
Federal judges hold their jobs for life or until retirement
Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President

3. Judicial Branch Article 3
There are 9 judges on the Supreme Court
Current Justices:
1. John G. Roberts, Jr., Chief Justice
2. Antonin Scalia
3. Anthony M. Kennedy
4. Clarence Thomas
5. Ruth Bader Ginsburg
6. Stephen G. Breyer
7. Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr.
8. Sonia Sotomayor
9. Elena Kagan

4. Judicial Branch Article 3
Three areas that Federal Courts hear cases about-
Any issue involving the Constitution
Federal Laws
Federal Agreements
Other types of cases-
Between citizens in different states
Disputes about claims to grants of land
Disputes between a state and a foreign country
Disputes between an American and a foreigner
Cases about ships and shipbuilding
Treaty disputes
Not between a person and another state

5. Judicial Branch Article 3
Original Jurisdiction- where a case begins (1st time heard)
Cases that the Supreme courts hears first- foreign diplomats, state cases
Appellate Jurisdiction- Cases that come to a court by appeal from a lower court
Some types of trials (except impeachment) are heard by a trial jury.
They are heard in the state where the crime took place.

6. Judicial Branch Article 3
Treason- carrying on war or helping enemies of the U.S. The crime of betraying one’s country
Proving treason- by the testimony of two witnesses to the same treasonous act or by confession in open court
Judicial Review- the power to declare a law unconstitutional, to decide if laws follow the Constitution
Federal Courts below the Supreme Court
89 District Courts in the 50 states
13 Circuit Courts of Appeal
1 Supreme Court

7. Judicial Branch Article 4
“Full Faith and Credit”- each state must honor the court decisions, laws and licenses by other states (drivers license)
Rights of citizens of each state- each state must give citizens from other states the same rights as their own citizens
“Extradition”- an accused person must be returned to the state where the crime took place

8. Judicial Branch Article 4
Three rules for new states
Congress admits new states
No state can be formed from dividing old states
No state can be formed by joining two states together
Two rules about territories
Congress makes rules and regulations for territories
Only Congress can sell federal land

9. Judicial Branch Article 5
AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION
Amendments to the Constitution
Proposed (2 ways) 2/3 of Congress agrees or
2/3 of State Legislators
Voted (2 ways) ¾ of State Legislators
¾ of states pass it at
special conventions
Either way, the states must approve!!!

10. Judicial Branch Article 5
The President does not sign amendments passed by Congress
¾ of the states need to approve an amendment for it to become part of the Constitution
The Constitution has been amended 27 times

11. Judicial Branch Article 6
NATIONAL SUPREMACY
Supreme laws of the land
The Constitution
The laws of the U.S.
U.S. treaties
2. A state cannot go against what is written in the Constitution- the Constitution is Supreme. State laws must agree with the Constitution