1. www.lirneasia.net External environment for telecenters Mobile penetration in Sri Lanka Rohan Samarajiva October 26/28, 2008

2. www.lirneasia.net Fixed and mobile growth, 1992-98

3. www.lirneasia.net New media?  Slightly over 500,000 fixed phones (mostly wireline) and close to 200,000 mobile phones No ADSL, no WiMAX, no HSPA, little use of SMS, but some info services using cell broadcasting channels and few people using dial-up (even ISDN came in 1999); no WiFi Few websites exist, but very static (LBO starts in 1998); no blogs; no blog aggregators ~700,000 calling opportunities

4. www.lirneasia.net Fixed & mobile growth 2001-2007 I million to 8 million mobile; 1 million to 3 million fixed

5. www.lirneasia.net New media?  Close to 3 million fixed phones (majority wireless), 8 million mobile phones (all GSM), around 100,000 fixed broadband users and several thousand mobile broadband users ADSL since 2003, WiMAX since 2007, HSPA since 2007, WiFi since 2003 Heavy use of SMS, info services using cell broadcasting channels, mobile voting, mobile payments, cameras on many handsets, MMS available and used Many websites, almost all newspapers easily accessible (some allowing comments); ~1,000 blogs (in all three languages); 3 blog aggregators; lots of social networking; some twittering E-commerce, basic e government services emerging ~11,000,000 calling opportunities

6. www.lirneasia.net Bottom of the Pyramid almost everyone has access, but not ownership

7. www.lirneasia.net Overall access is very high South AsiaSouth East Asia PakistanIndia Sri Lanka Philippi nes Thailan d Used phone in last 3 months 98%94%92%93%95%  Used phone in the last 3 months

8. www.lirneasia.net But ownership is low | 41 % of Sri Lanka BOP in 2006 (higher now, projected 72%) PakistanIndiaSri LankaPhilippinesThailand Total number of phones per 100 population 29.3813.9629.1045.30*57.80** Source: National regulatory agencies (mid 2006); * 2005, **2004 [F 4.6 M 8.2; U 32 R 2]

9. www.lirneasia.net So, mainly use public phones* In Sri Lanka at BOP 30% use public phones

10. www.lirneasia.net 41% in Sri Lanka Bottom of the Pyramid some do own phones

11. www.lirneasia.net Why own a (mobile) phone?* Convenience is key; privacy is more of a concern for higher income countries

12. www.lirneasia.net ???

13. www.lirneasia.net Mobiles used more often by males at BOP in South Asia % of mobile owners at BOP

14. www.lirneasia.net Female mobile owners at BOP who pays for their mobile? % of female mobile owners at BOP

15. www.lirneasia.net Bottom of the Pyramid most don’t own phones… 64%

16. www.lirneasia.net Sri Lanka: second highest gender difference % of non-owners at BOP Non-owners at BOP

17. www.lirneasia.net Gender difference of non-owners* In Sri Lanka more women use others (neighbors’, friends’) phones, also use public phones % of non-owners at BOP

18. www.lirneasia.net Why not own a phone?* Affordability is the key barrier to phone ownership

19. www.lirneasia.net 100% Usage patterns owners + non-owners

20. www.lirneasia.net Low users are non-owners in South Asia % of Diary respondents Source : Diary

21. www.lirneasia.net Internet? What Internet? PakistanIndiaSri LankaPhilippinesThailand Use the Internet 1.91%0.29%1.51%8.77%10.41% PakistanIndiaSri LankaPhilippinesThailand Not heard of Internet 36%72%29%14%36%

22. www.lirneasia.net Bottom of the pyramid International calls: who is calling? Table of contents

23. www.lirneasia.net Source: Diary Mostly local at BOP, but some international in LK & PH

24. www.lirneasia.net  44% male; 56% female, according to SLBFE 840,000 women separated from families 660,000 men separated from families  Don’t they need to talk? 1.5 million expatriate workers, 90% in West Asia

25. www.lirneasia.net  Primarily rural females, with primary or secondary education, aged 25-54 Different from the Philippines: more males, mostly living in urban areas, with higher levels of education, mostly below 34.  The bulk of the calls are made by trained & untrained laborers (25 %); Farmers / agricultural workers (16%); Housewives (13%) Again, different from the Philippines: mostly housewives (32%), those employed in services (18%) or unemployed (17%) 2006 data; excluding N&E provinces International calls: Who is calling/being called?

26. www.lirneasia.net Gender of the caller/callee (as a percentage of international calls made)

27. www.lirneasia.net Location of the caller/callee (as a percentage of international calls made)

28. www.lirneasia.net Educational attainment of callers/callees

29. www.lirneasia.net Age of the caller (as a percentage of international calls made)

30. www.lirneasia.net “…if we stop thinking of the poor as a burden and start recognizing them as value conscious consumers, a whole new world of opportunity will open up” C.K. Prahalad. The Fortune at the BOP.