1. Vending Machine Adventures By: Pat Casey, Dan Cardamone, Heejun Yang

2. Description We basically studied the vending machine food habits of the typical high school teenager – First, we did a test on vending machine drinks and their association to gender. Also, we found the mean amount spent on these drinks compared through gender. – Second, we did a test upon food/snacks of vending machines and the difference of the means of each gender.

3. Procedure We sat through all the lunches and surveyed the attendance of both food and drink vending machines. We surveyed every third person for a systematic sampling. – For drinks, we checked a chi-square association, along with 2 sample t-test to find the mean dollar amount spent at the drink vending machine – For food, we used, again, a 2 sample t-test to find the mean dollar amount spent at the food vending machine

4. Vending Machine Drinks Specialty Water (Vitamin Water, Carbonated Water) Iced TeaGatorade/Pr opel WaterOther (Soda, Yoo Hoo) Male126757 Female89896

5. Vending Machine Drinks

6. 32% 16% 19% 14% 19% 20% 23% 20% 23% 15%

7. Vending Machine Drinks association – Ho: There is no association between gender and type of drink preferred. – Ha: There is an association between gender and type of drink preferred. Assumptions STATE CHECK 2 independent SRS Systematic Sample size large All expected cell counts 5 enough so all expected cell counts 5

8. Vending Machine Drinks df= (2-1) * (5-1) = 4

9. Vending Machine Drinks Conclusion We fail to reject Ho because the p-value of.6315 is greater than =.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and type of drink preferred. This concludes that type of drink does not change as the gender changes.

10. Vending Machine Drinks 2 Samp T-Test Ho: Ha: Assumptions STATE CHECK 2 independent SRS Systematic 2 normal populations N M =37 or N F =40 N M N F

11. Vending Machine Drinks We fail to reject Ho because the p-value of.2276 is greater than =.05. We have sufficient evidence that the difference of the mean amount of money spent at the drink vending machines for males is equal to that of females. Thus, both females and males spend the same amount of money on drinks at the vending machines

12. Vending Machine Drinks We are 95% confident that the difference between the mean amount of dollars spent at the drink vending machines between males and females is between -.0379 and.1585. With this 0 is included in the interval meaning that there is no difference between the male and female mean amount of dollars spent at the drink vending machines. It can be concluded that there is no difference because 0 is within the interval.

13. Vending Machine Foods $.90 Spent$1.00 Spent$1.80 Spent$1.90 Spent$2.00 Spent Male1512121 Female187212

14. Vending Machine Foods

15. 48% 39% 3% 6% 3% 60% 23% 7% 3% 7%

16. Vending Machine Foods 2 Samp T-Test Ho: Ha: Assumptions STATE CHECK 2 independent SRS Systematic 2 normal populations N M =31 or N F =30 N M N F

17. Vending Machine Foods We fail to reject Ho because the p-value of.806 is greater than =.05. We have sufficient evidence that the difference of the mean amount of money spent at the food vending machines for males is equal to that of females. Thus, both females and males spend the same amount of money at a food vending machine.

18. Vending Machine Foods We are 95% confident that the difference between the mean amount of dollars spent at the food vending machines between males and females is between -.2029 and.15839. With this 0 is included in the interval meaning that there is no difference between the male and female mean amount of dollars spent at the food vending machines. It can be concluded that there is no difference because 0 is within the interval.

19. Conclusions For drink vending machines we found that both males and females seemed to spend the same amount of money on the drink machine and both gender and type of drink preferred are not associated. For food vending machines, males and females spend the same amount of money at a food vending machine.

20. Conclusions We found that overall both males and females seem to have the same preference and same spending habits for vending machines at lunchtime in the cafeteria. For the male population… – Buy more of the specialty water Like sweetness, but try to be healthy – Buy mostly $.90 and $1.00 products Don’t have a lot of money

21. Conclusions For the female population… – Buy more of water Try to be healthy – More of uniform preference – Buy more $.90 and $1.00 products Similarities between genders more related to culture and generation preferences

22. Application It was harder than thought to collect the data – Not as many people buy from the vending machines Healthy effort We were surprised somewhat – Males thought to choose more of vending machine sweets and gatorade (sports-related) – Females thought to choose the most water and specialty water, but more uniform

23. Bias Tough economic times=less money Not SRS – Systematic Struggled to get good sample size Absentees from – Early release, etc. Not a lot of choices of drinks/foods