2. Research opportunities for seniors..\Nanosure_flier_2013[1].pdf

3. Agenda: 2/22 Warm-up: Case introduction CSI #3 Best Presentation Evidence – How to classify evidence Apply to Murder Case Graphic organizer to assess evidence Homework: Extra credit - due Monday Presentation on the case. What has happened in the last 10 years? Why? How was the evidence involved?

4. Warm-up: The “Fatal Vision” Murders Skim the case to determine: Who What When Where

5. Evidence  What is meant by physical evidence and give examples  The significance of individual and class evidence  The difference between indirect and direct evidence 4 Objectives:

6. Evidence Characteristics  Class—common to a group of objects or persons  Individual—can be identified with a particular person or a single source 5 Blood DNA TypingFingerprints

7. Class vs Individual Evidence 6 Which examples do you think could be individual evidence?

8. Class vs Individual Evidence  The large piece of glass fits exactly to the bottle; it is individual evidence. 7  These fibers are class evidence; there is no way to determine if they came from this garment.

9. Types of Evidence Two general types:  Testimonial—a statement made under oath  Direct evidence or Prima Facie evidence  Physical—any object or material that is relevant in a crime  Indirect evidence  Examples: hair, fiber, fingerprints, documents, blood, soil, drugs, tool marks, impressions, glass. 8

10. Value of Physical Evidence  Generally more reliable than testimonial  Has the ability to:  prove that a crime has been committed  corroborate or refute testimony  link a suspect with a victim or with a crime scene  establish the identity of persons associated with a crime  allow reconstruction of events of a crime 9

11. Reconstruction Physical Evidence is used to answer questions about:  what took place  how the victim was killed  number of people involved  sequence of events A forensic scientist will compare the questioned or unknown sample with a sample of known origin. 10

12. Jeffrey MacDonald Case North Carolina

13. Classifying Evidence Read the case List 25+ items of evidence in the case ◦ Class notebook

14. Classifying Evidence Classify the 25+ evidence items ◦ 1 st Physical vs. Testimonial ◦ 2 nd Class vs. Individual ◦ 3 rd Type of Physical Evidence  Transient  Pattern  Conditional  Transfer – Direct and Indirect  Nature of the materials  Class vs. individual  Associative—

15. Evidence Blood in the kitchen P, I, Pattern, Biological, Direct transfer

16. Types of Physical Evidence - Terms that are used  Transient  Pattern  Conditional  Transfer – Direct and Indirect  Nature of the materials  Class vs. individual  Associative — 15 How will you remember the terms and what they mean?

17. Organize your classification into a graphic organizer Examples of graphic organizers Many types exist

18. Examples  Odor—putrefaction, perfume, gasoline, urine, burning, explosives, cigarette or cigar smoke  Temperature— surroundings, car hood, coffee, water in a bathtub, cadaver  Imprints and indentations—footprints, teeth marks in perishable foods, tire marks on certain surfaces  Markings 17 Transient Evidence: temporary; easily changed or lost; usually observed by the first officer at the scene

19. Pattern Evidence—produced by direct contact between a person and an object or between two objects are in the form of imprints, indentations, striations, markings, fractures or deposits.  Clothing or article distribution  Gun powder residue  Material damage  Body position  Tool marks  Modus operandi 18  Blood spatter  Glass fracture  Fire burn pattern  Furniture position  Projectile trajectory  Tire marks or skid marks Examples

20. Conditional Evidence— produced by a specific event or action; important in crime scene reconstruction and in determining the set of circumstances or sequence within a particular event  Light—headlight, lighting conditions  Smoke—color, direction of travel, density, odor  Fire—color and direction of the flames, speed of spread, temperature and condition of fire  Location—of injuries or wounds, of bloodstains, of the victim’s vehicle, of weapons or cartridge cases, of broken glass  Vehicles—doors locked or unlocked, windows opened or closed, radio off or on (station), odometer mileage  Body—position, types of wounds; rigor, livor and algor mortis  Scene—condition of furniture, doors and windows, any disturbance or signs of a struggle 19

21. Classification of Evidence by Nature  Biological—blood, semen, saliva, sweat, tears, hair, bone, tissues, urine, feces, animal material, insects, bacterial, fungal, botanical  Chemical—fibers, glass, soil, gunpowder, metal, mineral, narcotics, drugs, paper, ink, cosmetics, paint, plastic, lubricants, fertilizer  Physical—fingerprints, footprints, shoe prints, handwriting, firearms, tire marks, tool marks, typewriting  Miscellaneous—laundry marks, voice analysis, polygraph, photography, stress evaluation, psycholinguistic analysis, vehicle identification 20

22. Transfer Evidence Direct Transfer ◦ Example: I pet my cat and transfer cat hairs to my pants Indirect Transfer ◦ Example: 1 st transfer: I sit on a couch and transfer cat hairs from my pants to the couch. ◦ Example: 2 nd transfer: My friend sits on my couch and picks up cat hair onto her clothing. Transfer Evidence— produced by contact between person(s) or object(s), or between person(s) and person(s) 21

23. Associative Evidence —items that may associate a victim or suspect with a scene or each other; ie, personal belongings 22

24. FBI Investigation Read a case investigated by the FBI. Observe the various units of their lab and read the section: “How They Do That?”. www.fbi.gov/kids/6th12th/investigates/investigates.ht m 23