1. Chapter 4: Organizing and Manipulating the Data in Databases
Introduction
Creating Database Tables in Microsoft Access
Entering Data In Database Tables
Extracting Data From Databases: Data Manipulation Languages
Recent Database Advances and Data Warehouses

2. Creating Database Tables in Microsoft Access
Database Management Systems
An Introduction to Microsoft Access
Creating Database Tables
Creating Relationships

3. Database Management Systems
Overview
Not a database
Separate software system
Functions
Enables users to utilize database information more efficiently
Examples
Access, Alpha 5, dQuery, Lotus Approach

4. Introduction to Microsoft Access
A popular relational database
Used by many businesses and individuals
Used for small database applications

5. Microsoft Access – Opening Screen

6. Creating Database Tables – Defining Record Format
Field Name
Names assigned to the data fields
Data Type
Specified for each data field
Identifies how to store the data – field properties
Description
Optional field
Defines record structures

7. Creating Database Tables – Opening Screen

8. Creating Database Tables – Record Format

9. Creating Relationships
Purpose
Link tables together
Enable users to create multi-table reports
Steps in Creating Relationships
Select tables
Link the tables

10. Creating Database Relationships – Linking Tables

11. Creating Relationships – Multitable Relationships

12. Creating Records
Utilize datasheet view to input data

13. Ensuring Valid and Accurate Data Entry
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Enables users to define record structure
Define individual fields of each record

14. Tools for Data Validation
Proper Data Types for Fields
Input Masks
Limit data to specific formats
Default Values
Data fields of new records

15. Tools for Data Validation
Drop-Down Lists
Validation Rules
Create rules than limit range of values that may be entered
Referential Integrity
Deleting of information disallowed when it would disrupt references

16. Drop-Down List Example

17. Validation Rule Example

18. Creating Referential Integrity

19. Study Break #1 All of the following are examples of DBMSs except:
Access
Oracle
DB2
SQL

20. Study Break #1 - Answer
All of the following are examples of DBMSs except:
Access
Oracle
DB2
SQL

21. Study Break #2 An example of a validation rule is:
An input value must be an integer
An input value must also have a default value
An input value must be between 0 and 40
You cannot delete parent records that have child records associated with them

22. Study Break #2 - Answer An example of a validation rule is:
An input value must be an integer
An input value must also have a default value
An input value must be between 0 and 40
You cannot delete parent records that have child records associated with them

23. Tips for Creating Database Tables and Records
Design first
Create tables and records last
Name tables systematically
Use conventional tbl prefixes
Use mnemonic names for data fields
Assign correct data types to data fields

24. Tips for Creating Database Tables and Records
Data fields that link tables must be the same data type
Limit the size of text data fields to reasonable lengths
Use input masks

25. Extracting Data From Databases
Schema
All information in a database
All relationships of the tables
Map of entire database
Subschema
Subset of the schema

26. Creating Select Queries
Create customized subschemas
Dynaset
Dynamic subset of a database
Created by queries
Data Manipulation Language (DML)

27. Query Example

28. Creating Select Queries
One-Table Select Queries
Creates a dynaset
Based on:
Criteria determining which records to include
Criteria determining which fields to include from those records
Single or Multiple Criteria

29. Select Query Example

30. Multi-Table Select Query Example

31. Multi-Table Select Query Example

32. Creating Action Queries
Delete queries
Append queries
Sum a column
Update queries
Make-table queries

33. Query Wizard Queries Simple query Wizard Crosstab queries
Find-Duplicates queries
Find-unmatched queries

34. Query Wizard Screen

35. Guidelines for Creating Queries
Spell accurately and be case sensitive
Specify AND and OR operations correctly
Tables must be joined properly
Name queries systematically
Choose data fields selectively

36. Extracting Data From Databases
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Example of SQL Instructions

37. Extracting Data From Databases
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Complex, multidimensional data analysis
Pivot tables
Data Mining
Utilize a set of data analysis and statistical tools
Identify relationships, patterns, or trends

38. Cloud Computing Form of Internet-based Computing
Software provided through the Internet
Processing occurs on a Web of computers
Expands IT capabilities
Database-As-A-Service (DAAS)
Outsourcing of databases
Backup Services

39. Data Warehouses Pools of data from separate applications
Characteristics
Free of errors
Defined uniformly
Span longer timeframe than transaction systems
Optimized data relationships

40. Study Break #3
All of the following are examples of action queries except:
Update query
Append query
Delete query
Find missing data query

41. Study Break #3 - Answer
All of the following are examples of action queries except:
Update query
Append query
Delete query
Find missing data query

42. Study Break #4 SQL is an example of:
A tool to perform online analytical processing
A database management system
A query language
A multimedia database

43. Study Break #4 - Answer SQL is an example of:
A tool to perform online analytical processing
A database management system
A query language
A multimedia database

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45. Chapter 4