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Published byAnabel O’Brien’ Modified over 9 years ago
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Americans rank drug abuse as the second most serious problem facing this country. Closely behind, violent crime and ahead of health care, welfare, and federal budget deficit.
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Personal and Social Problems Associated with Drug Taking Behavior Toxicity Potential for Drug Dependence Connection between drug use and violence and crime
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Good Drugs VS Bad Drugs All drugs can be toxic. Culture weighs the positive consequences of use against negative consequences of use. Money-Revenue Morals & Values
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Chapter 2 Definitions (1) Toxicity-The physical or psychological harm that a drug might present to the user. Dose-The quantity of the drug that is taken into the body, typically measures in milligrams or micrograms.
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Chapter 2 Definitions (2) Acute Toxicity-The physical and psychological harm a drug presents to the user immediately or soon after the drug is ingested into the body. Chronic Toxicity-The physical or psychological harm a drug might cause over a long period of time.
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Chapter 2 Definitions (3) Effective Dose-The minimal dose of drug necessary to produce the intended effect in a given percentage of the population. Lethal Dose-The minimal dose of drug capable of producing death in a given percentage of the population.
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Emergency Room Visits 1. Alcohol in Combination 2. Cocaine 3. Heroin 4. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
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Deaths Directly Related to Drug Use 1. Cocaine 2. Heroin/morphine 3. Alcohol in combination 4. Codeine
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Licit Vs Illicit Drugs Deaths: Tobacco 434,000 per year Alcohol 125,000 per year Cocaine 8000 per year Alcohol in combination 7,600 per year Heroin/Morphine 6,500 per year
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Drug Tolerance Tolerance-The capacity of a drug to produce a gradually diminished physical or psychological effect upon repeated administrations of the drug at the same dose level. (It takes more of a drug to get the same effect)
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Behavioral Tolerance-The process of drug tolerance that is linked to drug taking behavior occurring consistently in surrounding or under the same circumstances. Withdrawal-A wide array physiological responses to withdrawal of a substance from the body. (typically, associated with physical dependence)
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Special Problems Related to Drug Abuse Drug Abuse in Pregnancy -Fetal Alcohol Syndrome -Fetal Alcohol Effect -Birth Defects Drug Abuse and AIDS -IV Drug Use
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Drug Abuse and Violence Pharmacological Violence-Violent acts committed under the influence of a psychoactive drug. Economical Compulsive Violence-Violent acts that are committed by drug abuser to secure money to buy drugs. Systemic Violence-Violence arising from the trafficking of illicit drugs.
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Drug Use and Violence Connection 20 - 35% of Suicides 62% of Assaults 52% of Rapes 38% of Child Abuse Cases 69% of Drowning 50% Traffic Fatalities 49% of Murders
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Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention Act, 1970 Schedule of Drugs (1) Schedule 1: High potential for abuse. No accepted medical use (heroin, LSD, marijuana) Schedule 2: High potential for abuse. Accepted medical use, may lead to severe psychological and/or physiological dependence. (morphine, cocaine, codeine)
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Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention Act, 1970-Schedule of Drugs (1) Schedule 3: Some potential for abuse. Accepted medical use. Low to moderate risk of dependence. (long-acting barbiturates, narcotic solutions). Schedule 4: Low potential for abuse. Accepted medical use. (anti-anxiety-valium, xanax) Schedule 5: Minimal potential for abuse. (Prescription cough medicines, laxatives)
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The War on Drugs Interdiction VS Supply and Demand Use Reduction VS Harm Reduction Governmental Responsibilities VS Personal Responsibility Prevention/Treatment VS Incarceration
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Substance Abuse: A diagnostic term used to describe an individual who continues to take a psychoactive substance despite the fact the drug taking behavior creates specific problems for that individual.
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Substance Dependence: A diagnostic term used to identify an individual with significant signs of a dependent relationship upon a psychoactive drug. Example: Tolerance, withdrawal, Loss of control, persistent unsuccessful attempts to quit using the drug.
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Psychological Dependence Psychological dependence occurs when there is an uncontrollable need or desire to continue the use of a substance. Signs of psychological dependence include: –continued use despite negative consequences –using to mask feelings –obsession with getting the substance
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