1. CIRCULATION

2. WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? Show Video Show Video

3. PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1. Heart 1. Heart –Function: 2. Blood Vessels 2. Blood Vessels –Includes: 3. Blood 3. Blood –Consists of:

4. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM What is the function of the circulatory system? What is the function of the circulatory system?

5. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The function of any circulatory system is to: The function of any circulatory system is to: –To move blood/materials throughout the body. –To move nutrients from GI Tract to cells. –To move oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells. –To transfer heat to and from the body. –To carry antibodies. –To carry hormones from glands to targets. –To move wastes away from cells.

6. THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION 1. Coronary 1. Coronary –Blood flow to and from the heart.

7. THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION 2. Pulmonary 2. Pulmonary –Blood flow to and from the lungs.

8. THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION 3. Systemic 3. Systemic –Blood flow to and from the systems of the body.  Ex.

9. THE STRUCTURES OF THE HEART

10. THE HEART

11. HEART Square Heart Model Square Heart Model

12. STRUCTURES OF THE HEART Heart has 4 chambers Heart has 4 chambers –Left Atrium –Left Ventricle  SEPTUM –Right Atrium –Right Ventricle

13. HEART VALVES

14. BLOOD VESSELS A rteries A rteries –Carry blood a way from the heart. Veins Veins –Carry blood towards the heart.

15. KEY ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE HEART Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein –Definition: Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena Cava –Definition: Aorta Aorta –Definition:

16. PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART R. Atrium -> R. Ventricle -> R. Atrium -> R. Ventricle -> Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Vein -> L. Atrium -> L. Ventricle -> Aorta -> Body Cells -> Vena Cava -> R. Atrium…

17. BLOOD VESSELS Arteries Arteries –Have muscular walls –Larger blood vessels –Aorta is largest artery in the heart –Arteries move blood away from the heart

18. BLOOD VESSELS Veins Veins –Carry Blood to the heart –Thin walled –Less muscular than arteries –Contains valves to prevent the back-flow of blood

20. BLOOD VESSELS Capillaries Capillaries –Smallest blood vessels –Connects arteries to veins –Site of exchange of materials

21. CAPILLARIES Area where every cell is touched by blood Area where every cell is touched by blood

22. PULSE Rhythm of heart contractions felt in arteries. Rhythm of heart contractions felt in arteries. A doctor uses a stethoscope to hear the heartbeat. A doctor uses a stethoscope to hear the heartbeat. –Average is 65-80 beats per minute (BPM)

23. BLOOD PRESSURE Pressure of blood on walls of arteries. Pressure of blood on walls of arteries. Consists of 2 numbers: Consists of 2 numbers: –Systolic  Pressure reading when heart muscles contract –Diastolic  Pressure reading when heart muscles relax

24. BLOOD PRESSURE Average readings taken with a sphygmomanometer Average readings taken with a sphygmomanometer –Normal is 120/80 Blood pressure is affected by: Blood pressure is affected by: Hypertension is high blood pressure. Hypertension is high blood pressure.

25. EKG Electrocardiogram Electrocardiogram –Graphs the electrical activity of the heart muscle

26. Cardiovascular Disorders Heart Attack Heart Attack –Failure of heart muscle due to many causes, such as:  Lack of oxygen or nutrients being delivered  Damage to the muscles  Blockage of blood vessels –Symptoms  Angina (pain resulting from narrowing of blood vessels)  Left arm numbness  Out of breath

27. Cardiovascular Disorders Stroke Stroke –Blood clot or broken blood vessel in brain –Blood flow is restricted –Brain does not function properly

28. Cardiovascular Disorder Aneurysm Aneurysm –Broken blood vessel

29. Disorders Hypertension Hypertension Heart Attack Heart Attack Stroke Stroke Aneurysm Aneurysm Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis Coronary Thrombosis Coronary Thrombosis

30. Cardiovascular Disorders Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis –Scarring of artery tissue –Cholesterol builds up on the scar tissue

31. Cardiovascular Disorders Coronary Thrombosis Coronary Thrombosis –A blood clot in the blood vessels of the heart. –Blocks blood flow

32. Questions Why does a doctor draw blood? Why does a doctor draw blood? Where does a doctor draw blood from? Where does a doctor draw blood from? What kinds of things show up on a blood test? What kinds of things show up on a blood test?

33. COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD What are the 4 parts of the blood? What are the 4 parts of the blood? –Red Blood Cells –Platelets –Plasma –White Blood Cells

34. COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

35. Red Blood Cells Facts: Facts: –Carry OXYGEN –Contain HEMOGLOBIN –Made in BONE MARROW –Live approx. 120 days

36. Red Blood Cells Disorders: Disorders: –Anemia  RBC’s are not carrying oxygen well, due to lack of iron within the hemoglobin

37. Red Blood Cells Name another form of anemia that we have discussed already, this year._________________

38. Platelets Makes blood clot Makes blood clot –Platelets contain fibrinogen (a protein) that forms a “net” around a cut to stop bleeding

39. Platelets

40. Platelets Disorders: Disorders: –Hemophilia

41. Plasma

42. Plasma Liquid part of the blood Liquid part of the blood Consists mostly of water Consists mostly of water “River” of life “River” of life –Carries cells and materials

43. White Blood Cells Made in BONE MARROW Made in BONE MARROW Fight infection by causing an immune response. Fight infection by causing an immune response. Known as phagocytes because they ____________ bacteria. Known as phagocytes because they ____________ bacteria.

44. White Blood Cells Phagocytosis Phagocytosis –attacks ANTIGENS (invaders)

45. White Blood Cells & Immunity Another type of White Blood Cell is called a LYMPHOCYTE. Another type of White Blood Cell is called a LYMPHOCYTE. –Lymphocytes make ANTIBODIES  Antibodies are proteins that fight foreign invaders –Antibodies DESTROY Antigens  Another word for Antigen is PATHOGEN  Therefore: antibodies destroy pathogens  Therefore: antibodies destroy pathogens

46. ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN REACTION

48. DISORDERS OF WBC’s Leukemia Leukemia –Also called blood cancer –Too many white blood cells –Treatments may include:  Chemotherapy  Radiation  Bone Marrow Transplant

49. DISORDERS OF WBC’s AIDS AIDS –A_________ I________D_______S_________ –Attacks WBC’s, weakening immunity –HIV is the virus that causes AIDS  Human Immunodeficiency Virus –Transmitted by:  Unprotected sex  Blood Exchange  Shared Needles  Mother to child***

50. Types of Immunity Inborn/Passive Immunity Inborn/Passive Immunity –Antibodies you are born with.  Passed from a mother to her unborn child. (in vitro) –OR it can be temporary, such as from a mother to a baby, through breastfeeding.

51. Types of Immunity Acquired/Active Immunity Acquired/Active Immunity –Develops during a lifetime from exposure to disease –The body produces antibodies to fight infection –OR a VACCINE is given  Chicken Pox

52. Vaccines How a vaccine is created/works: How a vaccine is created/works: –1. Obtain pathogen –2. Kill or weaken the pathogen –3. Inject into human –4. Body produces antibodies

53. Allergies An allergic reaction is the body’s immune response to an antigen. (like dust) An allergic reaction is the body’s immune response to an antigen. (like dust) –Can cause sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, trouble breathing, rashes, hives, or more life threatening reactions

54. BLOOD TYPES 4 Blood Types: 4 Blood Types: Universal Donor is: Universal Donor is: Universal Recipient is: Universal Recipient is:

55. BLOOD TYPES Type Antigen (Protein) Antibodies AAAnti-B BBAnti-A AB A and B NONE ONONE Anti-A & Anti-B

56. BLOOD TYPES DRAWING DRAWING

57. BLOOD TYPES

58. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Lymph is intercellular fluid (a plasma) that is found around all cells Lymph is intercellular fluid (a plasma) that is found around all cells The lymphatic system is a system of vessels that carries lymph. The lymphatic system is a system of vessels that carries lymph.

59. LYMPH Carries antibodies, WBC’s, fatty acids and glycerol Carries antibodies, WBC’s, fatty acids and glycerol –Fatty acids and glycerol are the building blocks of __________. Lymph helps to keep your intercellular spaces clean and disease free. Lymph helps to keep your intercellular spaces clean and disease free.

60. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Blood vessels carry ____________ Blood vessels carry ____________ Lymph vessels carry ___________ Lymph vessels carry ___________ The lymphatic vessels have nodes (glands) that make lymph The lymphatic vessels have nodes (glands) that make lymph –Ex. Lymph nodes are found under the arms