1. Tissue Healing and Repair

2. Introduction Bodies protective measures to prevent injury  skin & mucosae  activity of cilia in the respiratory tract  chemical barriers in the stomach etc. Tissue injury -barriers are broken down which stimulates inflammatory (nonspecific) & immune responses (specific). Inflammation helps to limit damage, eliminate harmful agents and repair tissue. Inflammation does not equal Infection!!!!

3. Inflammation The classic signs of inflammation are:  Swelling  Redness  Hot

4. Stages of Inflammation-initial response to injury 1. Vasoconstriction-hemorrhage, then vasodilation (Histamine/heparin trigger) to allow O2 and nutrients 2. Increase capillary permeability 3. Fluid from plasma 1. Enzymes, antibodies, proteins 2. Irritate nerve endings and swelling from fluid = PAIN

5. Inflammation: 4. Clot formation PlateletsFibrinScab 5. Clean up cells Neutrophils (Pus), then macrophages 6. Capillaries permeability back to normal

7. Repair Organization of wound-granulation tissue formation  Collagen layers form underneath scab  New capillary growth Nutrients, oxygen to healing tissue Bacterium inhibiting substances Macrophages and fibroblasts  “Proud Flesh”-exaggerated granulation tissue

9. Regeneration Epithelialization  New cells grow in from edges of wound  Scab starts to lift on the edges  Fibrous bridge over wound-contracture

10. Scar tissue and Adhesions Amount of scar tissue depends on severity of wound. Heart, esophageal tissue Abdominal adhesions

11. Wound Healing First Intention Healing  Sutured wound-no granulation tissue formed Second Intention Healing  Granulation tissue  Scar tissue

13. Factors Affecting the Repair Process 1) Type of tissue injured 2) Type of injury and immediate care given 3) Nutrition 4) Adequate blood supply 5) State of health 6) Age Skin, mucous membranes & bone-regenerate well Smooth muscle, cartilage and dense regular connective tissue -Do not regenerate well. Cardiac muscle, brain & spinal cord can only be replaced with scar tissue.

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