1. You will be given a data set (on a computer), a hypothesis, and a prediction. You will be asked the following questions (word for word): 1. Which statistical test should you use? (2 points) 2. What is the p-value? (5 points) 3. Do the data support the prediction (yes or no)? (3 points)

2. Everyone will use Excel on a university computer. All p-value cutoffs for statistical significance will be 0.05. Statistical tables will be provided in the test spreadsheet. This will be closed book and “closed computer.” No other windows on your computer may be open. No external devices such as jump drives are allowed. The formula for the t-test will be given, but it will appear regardless of which test you should use. You will have one half hour. July 18-19

3. Know Excel functions for t-test and correlations (The introduction to Excel lab) and other past exercises Summary of Statistical Tests (in the manual) Ask questions Be sure you know how to figure d.f. Know how to use the statistical charts

4. If you’re off on d.f., you will probably miss the whole problem. t-test: n 1 + n 2 – 2 Correlation: n 1 – 2

5. data 14.000.02 20.00 31.000.00 43.000.01 53.000.01

6. First, practice! t-test: You’re trying to see if there is a difference between the averages of two data sets. These data sets will always be in the same units. Each data point will be a single measurement. Correlation: You’re testing to see if there is an association between two data sets. This is the test for which scatter plots are helpful (but you won’t make any graphs on the test). These data sets will usually be in different units. Binomial: Gives the probability of getting results involving repetitions of an experiment which can have only two outcomes. Since these are repetitions, each data point is a count, not a measurement (frequency or % is the actual measurement). Also, binomial data are paired, t-test data are not. No credit will be given for doing the wrong statistical test correctly or for getting the right answer by doing the wrong test.

7. Deer harvested heavily huntedlightly huntedheavily huntedlightly hunted Deer numberantler points Feed type average no of antler points average no of antler points 145145 256256 376376 462462 565565 664664 754754 843843 932932 T-test or Binomial?

8. Be familiar with the following functions in Excel: AVERAGE, STDEV, VAR, CORREL, SQRT, TTEST, ^2. CORREL does not give a p value, TTEST does. Know the difference between S^2 and S and what these mean. Which way is significant; greater than or less than 0.05? In a correlation, a negative significant relationship is a significant relationship. If you get a negative r value, report it as such. Change a negative r to positive before looking it up in the chart. If you get a significant p-value, do you support the prediction for your alternative hypothesis or not?