1. 1Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco AVVID Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data ‘Emerging Voice Technologies’ Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data ‘Emerging Voice Technologies’

2. 2Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Peter Tomsu aptomsu@cisco.com Senior Consulting Engineer Cisco Enterprise Line Of Business Technical Consultancy Senior Consulting Engineer Cisco Enterprise Line Of Business Technical Consultancy 2Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

3. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 3 of 42 Agenda The Basics What is VoIP So how does it all work QoS Requirements Interface Solutions Summary & Conclusions

4. 4Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. The Basics How do we do Voice today ? The Basics How do we do Voice today ?

5. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 5 of 42 Telephony and Data Architecture Fundamentals Comparison LEC Corporate Voice Network with PBXs (Private Branch Exchange) Corporate Location IXC PBX Class 5 Intranet Corporate Data Network with Switches and Routers Corporate Location Internet Switch Router

6. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 6 of 42 Voice and Data Switching Comparison Class 5 Switch I.e. Our local exchange Handset aggregator All telephones get a single analog/digital line (DS0) All devices have a phone number defined on the switch All devices can simultaneously make a call (calls < trunk DS0s) Path selection based on static least cost routing or ARS Multilayer Switch Router Computer aggregator All devices get dedicated bandwidth 10/100/1000 Mbps (autonegotiation) All devices have an IP address defined on the host All devices run at full line rate (bandwidth < uplink) Path selection based on dynamic routing protocol lowest cost Switch

7. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 7 of 42 DS0 OC3/12 DS1 DS0 DS1 OC3/12 Customer Premise LocalCO Interexchange Local CO DS3 DS1 OC48 DS3 DS1 OC48 3/1 DACS SONET ADM SONET ADM 3/1 DACS DS0 Class 5 Switch Class 4 Switch Class 4 Switch Class 5 Switch Customer Premise Today’s Carrier Voice Infrastructure DS0 Need to make this simpler, flexible, and cheaper. Customer Premise Customer Premise Local CO InterexchangeLocal CO OC-48c Ethernet WDM OC-48c Ethernet DS1 OC-48c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

8. 8Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. So what is VoIP ?

9. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 9 of 42 Based Upon H.323 H.320 Terminal H.323 MCU H.324 Terminal V.70 Terminal H.323 Gatekeeper Speech Terminal H.323 Terminal Speech Terminal H.323 Gateway PSTNISDN H.323 Terminal H.323 Terminal WAN RSVP Scope of H.323

10. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 10 of 42 The Standards Based Voice Approach IP Gateway (to PSTN) IP Phone (Client)Gatekeeper Packet LAN MCU Interoperability? YES! ITU H.323 H.323 Devices –Gatekeeper (admission & control) & Gateway (IP to TDM) –MCU (conference mgr. & bridge) –Client (phone, PC, etc.) H.323 Signalling & Control –H.225 - Signalling & Packetization –H.245 - Media Control –H.235 - Security –H.450 - Supplementary Services –T.120 - Data H.323 Media Formats –G.711 (64Kbps), G.723.1 (6.4Kbps & 5.3Kbps), G.729 (8Kbps), H.261, H.263 (video)

11. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 11 of 42 H.323 Protocols H.225 for Connection and Status –Q.931 ‘derived’ messages –Registration, authentication and Status (RAS) for endpoint-GK signaling (port 1719) H.245 for Capabilities/Media Control Media Transport –RTP/RTCP - standard payloads H.235 for security in v2

12. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 12 of 42 IP Layered ModelH.323 VoIP Model IP Address Email ID E.164 Phone No. Audio Codec (G.711, G.729, G.723.1,..) H.225, H.245, RTP, RTCP Frame Relay DLCI, 802.3 MAC, ATM VPI/VCI V.35, T1, T3 UDP Port Number Caller Application Presentation Data Link Physical User TCPUDP IP Session H.323 VoIP Layers

13. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 13 of 42 Enterprise Gateway LAN Phone VoIP Client PSTN PBX Legacy Phone Users Router VoiceMail Other Locations Virtual PBX Application H323 Definitions Gateway : - device that bridges the gap between IP Telephony and the legacy phones. Gatekeeper : - device that provides address translation, admission control, & zone management.

14. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 14 of 42 Internet Real-time Network Telephone Network Gatekeeper Cisco Multimedia Manager Client H.323 Router Proxy Gatekeeper Cisco MCM Gateway AS5x00 H.320 (Over ISDN) H.324 (Over POTs) Speech Only (Telephone) Client H.323 Corp LAN H.323 component: GateKeeper

15. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 15 of 42 Gatekeeper Policy Component for H.323 terminals, proxies, and gateways –RAS function, control in the network Address translation and/or redirection –For when networks scale Call admission/authorisation –Call Admission Control, very important Basic bandwidth management –Ensure voice quality

16. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 16 of 42 Gatekeeper Gatekeeper Inter-Gatekeeper Communication Gatekeeper Zones Only one GK to a zone Includes all H.323 entities Can follow DNS domain hierarchy

17. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 17 of 42 Mandatory Services: –Address Translation, Admissions Control, Bandwidth Control, & Zone Management Optional Services –Call Control Signalling –Call Authorization –Bandwidth Management –Call Management –Gatekeeper management information data structure –Bandwidth reservation for terminals not capable of this function –Directory services The Services it has to provide

18. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 18 of 42 Internet Real-time Network Telephone Network Gatekeeper Cisco Multimedia Manager Client H.323 Router Proxy Gatekeeper Cisco MCM Gateway AS5x00 H.320 (Over ISDN) H.324 (Over POTs) Speech Only (Telephone) Client H.323 Corp LAN H.323 component: Gateway

19. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 19 of 42 Gateways Required for interoperability between video/audio standards (H.323, H.320, H.324, POTS) Conversion of protocols between standards Packet-synchronous network conversion –Ethernet one end, circuit switched E1 the other Audio/video format conversion where necessary

20. 20Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. So how does it work ?

21. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 21 of 42 How does it work ? Media (UDP) Cisco Implementation Note: UDP ports 16384 through 16384 + (4 x the number of channels on the device) RTP Stream RTCP Stream H.323 Gateway H.245 (TCP) Open Logical Channel H.225 (TCP) (Q.931) Setup Connect Open Logical Channel Acknowledge Capabilities Exchange RTP Stream H.323 Gateway V V Assumes Endpoints (Clients) Know Each Others IP Addresses Signaling Plane Bearer Plane V V

22. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 22 of 42 Dial-Peer Configuration (Static Routing) r1# dial-peer voice 1234 pots destination-pattern 1234 port 1/0/0 ! dial-peer voice 4000 voip destination-pattern 4... session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 dial-peer voice 4000 vofr destination-pattern 4... session target serial0 122 dial-peer voice 4000 voatm destination-pattern 4... session target serial0 1 r2# dial-peer voice 4321 pots destination-pattern 4321 port 1/0/0 ! dial-peer voice 1000 voip destination-pattern 1... session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 dial-peer voice 1000 vofr destination-pattern 1... session target serial0 221 dial-peer voice 1000 voatm destination-pattern 1... session target serial0 1 Interface DLCI Interface DLCI ATM VCD ATM VCD Local Port Local Port IP Address IP Address VoIP VoFR VoATM Local X4321X1234 10.1.1.110.1.1.2 R1 R2 QoS IP/FR/ATM WAN FXS s0 FXS

23. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 23 of 42 Destination Pattern VoIP Full Mesh Dial-Peers QoS IP WAN X1001X2001 X3002 R1 R2 R3 FXS X3001 FXS dial-peer voice 3001 pots destination-pattern 3001 port 1/0/0 ! dial-peer voice 3001 pots destination-pattern 3002 port 1/0/1 Site specific dial-peers dial-peer voice 1000 voip destination-pattern 1… session target ipv4:192.168.1.1 ! dial-peer voice 2000 voip destination-pattern 2… session target ipv4:192.168.2.1 ! dial-peer voice 3000 voip destination-pattern 3… session target ipv4:192.168.3.1 Common dial-peers 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 FXS 2…1…3… 2…1… 192.168.3.1

24. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 24 of 42 IP QoS WAN RAS—Registration Admission and Status UDP Transport Port 1719 RRQ—Registration Request RRJ—Registration Reject RCF—Registration Confirm Gatekeeper RRQ RCFRRQ RCF H.323 Gateway Learns of Gatekeeper via Static Configuration Hello: I am registering my Name or E.164 address (Gateway A) Hello: I am registering my Name or E.164 address (Gateway B) Gateway AGateway B H.323 Gatekeeper Call Control/Signaling Gatekeeper Registration

25. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 25 of 42 IP QoS WAN Gatekeeper A (Zone A) ARQ ACF H.323 Call Setup ACF (Admission Confirm): Yes you can, here’s its IP Address X.X.X.X 2. 3 H.323 Gatekeeper Dial-peer Scaleability ARQ (Admission Request): I have a call for Gateway B 1. Gateway A Gateway B

26. 26Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. QoS Requirements 26F0_4339_c1 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

27. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 27 of 42 Need To Handle Traffic Correctly IP, Frame Relay, or ATM SNA PBX VoxProcess IOS CES Q Streams Frames Streams LAN Multiservice: LD Voice Internet LAN interconnect SNA QoS

28. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 28 of 42 Entertainment and Information Everything Is “Just” a Packet D/V/VPacketIP Video/TV Circuit Voice/Phone Circuit Data Packet Telecom and Datacom (Enterprise WAN, Networked PBX Service Providers of All Types) Convergence

29. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 29 of 42 IP Header (20) UDP (8) RTP (12) PAYLOAD : 20 Header is 40 bytes 13 - 26 kbit/s of bandwidth per call Compressing RTP Header gives 4-5 PAYLOAD : 20 6-11 kbps of bandwidth per call ! Bandwidth Per IP Call 20ms @ 8kbit/s yields 20 byte payload of compressed voice and 40 byte header

30. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 30 of 42 RTP Header Compression VersionIHLType of ServiceTotal Length IdentificationFlagsFragment Offset Header ChecksumProtocolTime to Live Source Address Destination Address PaddingOptions Source PortDestination Port ChecksumLength PTMCCXPV=2 Sequence Number Timestamp Synchronization Source (SSRC) Identifier VoIP Bandwidth Solution 20 ms @ 8 kbps yields 20-byte payload IP header 20;UDP header 8; RTP header 12 –2X payload! Header compression –40 bytes to 2 or 4 bytes Hop-by-Hop on slow links <512 kbps CRTP –Compressed Real-time Protocol

31. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 31 of 42 Challenge Cisco Solutions Packet Residency Slow Link Freeze-out by Large Packets Interleaving FRF.12, MLPPP, IP MTU Size Reduction, Faster Link Bandwidth Consumption Header Size on Low Bandwidth Links Compression Codecs, RTP Header Compression, Voice Activity Detection WAN Oversubscription, Bursting Traffic Management Router Traffic Shaping to CIR, High Priority PVC, Data Discard Eligibility Congestion Delay and Delay Jitter Intelligent Queuing WFQ, IP Precedence, RSVP, Priority Queuing VoIP Low Speed Link (<768 Kbps) Challenges and Solutions

32. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 32 of 42 Avoiding Loss, Delay, and Delay Variation (Jitter) WAN Router Multilayer Campus Multilayer Campus Router CallManager Campus Not as Critical “Initially” Must Be Switched WAN Edge “A Must” QoS Starts in the WAN WAN Backbone “A Must” Often Overlooked or Misunderstood Domains of QoS Consideration Strong as Your Weakest Link

33. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 33 of 42 Policy Networking Telecommuters Mobile Users Branch Offices Enterprise Policy QoS Security Campus Partners Define policies for applications and users Distribute policy bindings –QoS Policy Servers, Security –Network enforcement nodes Enable integrated control over network resources

34. 34Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Interface Solutions 34F0_4339_c1 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

35. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 35 of 42 Router Voice Interfaces Switch SwitchSwitch FXO FXS E&M E1/PRI FXO FXS FXO—Foreign Exchange Office FXS—Foreign Exchange Station E&M—Ear and Mouth PRI—Primary Rate Interface

36. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 36 of 42 Basic Trunk/Route Replacement Branch Office PSTN Central Site QoS WAN (Intranet/Internet) Telco Switch Cisco 3600/2600 AS5300 PSTN New OrleansVancouverSan Jose Call Comes InBypass PSTN AS5300 PBX PBX PBX E&M E1/PRI PRI

37. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 37 of 42 PBX 555-1001 555-1002 555-1003 555-1999 QoS IP WAN PSTN 556-1001 556-1002 556-1003 556-1004 Key System 556-1005 556-1006 556-1007 556-1008 R1 R2 10.1.1.1 r2# dial-peer voice 5561001 pots destination-pattern 5561001 port 1/0/0 ! dial-peer voice 5551000 voip destination-pattern 5551... session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 ! dial-peer voice 91 pots destination-pattern 9 port 3/0/0 FXO FXS E&M E1/PRI Router-Based Key System

38. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 38 of 42 Off Premise Extension (OPX) X1001 X1002 X1003 X1004 X1005 X1006 X1007 X1008 QoS IP/FR/ATM WAN PSTN r2# dial-peer voice 2100 pots destination-pattern 2100 port 1/0/0 ! dial-peer voice 1000 voip destination-pattern 1... session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 ! voice-port 1/0/0 connection trunk 1100 r1# dial-peer voice 1100 pots destination-pattern 1100 port 1/0/0 ! dial-peer voice 2000 voip destination-pattern 2... session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 ! voice-port 1/0/0 connection trunk 2100 R1R2 10.1.1.210.1.1.1 OPX FXO FXS T1/PRI PBX Voice Mail

39. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 39 of 42 Catalyst Switch Voice- Enabled Router Cisco IP Phones Branch Office Catalyst Switch Cisco IP Phones Voice- Enabled Router Analog/Digital Gateway Router-based Gateways: 3600 (Analog/Digital) MC3810 (Analog/Digital) AS5800 (Digital) 1750/2600/3600 (Analog) 5300 (Digital) 7x00 (Digital) Legacy PBX Legacy VoiceMail Cisco CallManager Call Processing, Signaling, Control Media Gateway Controller (MGC) Most Commonly Used Telephony Features Voice Mail Integration Call Center Integration Remote Supportability Open API support (TAPI and JTAPI) Web based Administration Cisco MCS- 7830 Fully Redundant, Highly Available Call Processing Platform Cisco IP Phones - 12 Button 12SP+ - 30 Button 30VIP Character based display Single Button Collaboration Stand Alone Gateways: DT-24+/DE-30+ (Digital) Cisco Softphone CQ4’99 PC-Based IP Phone Directory Access Easy to use GUI Drag and Drop Access CallManager Campus PSTN IP Cisco AVVID Solutions Available now

40. 40Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Summary & Conclusions 40F0_4339_c1 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

41. www.cisco.com IBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 41 of 42 Summary & Conclusion Cisco use H.323 based VoIP –Also supporting the other standards Cisco VoIP Architecture –Powerful, flexible IP architecture that supports multiple solutions - today !! Cisco VoIP Core Infrastructure For AVVID solution –Unified Messaging, IP Contact Centres, Collaboration This stuff is being deployed, now !

42. 42 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com