1. BNL:Lucian Wielopolski, Ph.D. Peter Thieberger Ph.D. James Alessi Ph.D. SII:Joseph Brondo, CEO AES:Joseph Sredniawski, VP NSNRC: David Vartsky Ph.D. BNL:Lucian Wielopolski, Ph.D. Peter Thieberger Ph.D. James Alessi Ph.D. SII:Joseph Brondo, CEO AES:Joseph Sredniawski, VP NSNRC: David Vartsky Ph.D. Denton, TX, November, 2002 Explosive Detection Systems (EDS) Using Gamma Resonance Technology (GRT) Explosive Detection Systems (EDS) Using Gamma Resonance Technology (GRT)

2. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. EDS-GRT Objectives A Joint Program by Scientific Innovations, Inc. Brookhaven National Laboratory Rapid deployment of resonance technology for detection and imaging of concealed explosives, chemical warfare agents, and dirty and nuclear bombs in shipping containers

3. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. An accelerator is used to produce protons at a specific energy such that unique resonant gamma rays are generated from impingement on a specific target. The emitted gamma rays pass through a volume of interest and interact resonantly with specific elements of interest so that images of the elemental density are developed from the variation in gamma detection counts. Fluorescence or scattered gammas resonant with the element are also detected simultaneously. Non resonant gamma rays are used to image total density. Multiple Patents are Held by SII EDS-GRT: System Configuration

4. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. n The Gamma Resonance method provides combined capability of absorption and florescence n Simultaneous detection and imaging of multiple elements for identification of contraband and total density for imaging of contents n 3-D tomographic, multiple projection and single sided configurations for specific applications n High penetration n High resolution EDS-GRT: Capabilities

5. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Border Control Airline Security Bridges/Tunnels Building & Monument Security Power Plant Security Force Protection Shipping Ports Postal Security Stadiums & Olympic Events EDS-GRT Railroad Security Embassies EDS-GRT: Applications

6. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Current EDS systems are incapable of interrogating large marine shipping cargo containers with any degree of elemental specificity. EDS systems based on neutrons although providing elemental specificity are highly controversial and unsuitable for interrogating large marine shipping cargo containers. There is a need for new technology to interrogate large marine shipping and air cargo containers. GRT Is Proposed To Provide This New Technology EDS-GRT Applications

7. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Gammagrams produced using VACIS systems A.Empty hopper car with a suspected “stash” at the bottom of the left hopper. B.Empty tanker with suspected “stash” at bottom of ladder. C.Empty hopper with stowaways. D.The same as C. E.Full Box Car. VV Verbinski, VJ Orphan, Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry, 1999. EDS-GRT : 2D Pulse Distribution

8. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Force Protection (DoD) Military Bases Counter-terrorism Explosives Detection in Vehicles Warhead/Rocket QC (DoD) Crack & Void Detection Mixture Quality 24% Rejection / Shelf Life Medical Research Neutron Capture Therapy Whole Body Composition Environmental Cleanup (DoD) ) Unexploded Ordnance Detection Mine Field Clearance US Customs Border Control Seaports Explosives / Drug Detection in Large Containers Resonance Technology Department of Transportation (DoT Department of Transportation (DoT ) TSA / FAA Explosives Detection in Cargo Checked baggage inspection Scanning trucks/vehicles/railroad cars Homeland Security EDS-GRT: Potential Users

9. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Configuration of the gamma resonance absorptiometry Resonant Gamma Fan Detector Array Proton Beam Accelerator Beam Production Target Inspected Object EDS-GRT: In a Transmission Mode

10. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Single system feeds simultaneously four inspection stations. Single system feeds alternatively three inspection stations. Each detection station can process 1600 bags/hr, 24 LD-3 containers/hr, 4 conveyors simultaneously EDS-GRT : Distributed Systems

11. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. A configuration of a system in an airport feeding simultaneously two inspection stations for bags. EDS-GRT : Small Cargo

12. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. EDS-GRT: LD-3 Container Inspection

13. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. A possible configuration for scanning large containers EDS-GRT : Large Cargo

14. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Stacked Containers Detectors Resonance Gamma Beam 36’ 8’ 18’ Target 21’ Using four ramps may interrogate simultaneously 40 foot container in about 3 to 4 minutes, stacked containers will double the capacity. (Extrapolated from experiments) EDS-GRT : Multiple Detection System

15. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Alternative implementations of the Resonance Technology Can be engineered into a transportable, readily deployable stand alone system EDS-GRT : Mobile Systems

16. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Alternative implementations of the Resonance Technology Stand off use of the system in a fluorescence (backscattering) mode EDS-GRT : Mobile Systems

17. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. 100 μA Proton Beam at 1.76 MeV EDS-GRT: Target Gamma Radiation

18. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. EDS-GRT : Unilateral System

19. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Proton Accelerator Specs: Energy< 2.5 MeV Energy resolution< 15 keV Intensity~ 10 mA Duty Factor CW Normalized RMS Emittance0.1  mm mrad EDS-GRT: Accelerator Specifications

20. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. 800 Beam Accelerator Tube Positive Ion Source 2MeV Power Supply High-Voltage Cable 2000 2500 1200 2000 1200 ECR Ion Source 30 mA p, 1kW HVC 100’ or more 2MeV 50mA, 2.5MeV 40mA, 3MeV 30mA Multiple accelerators with single Power Supply EDS-GRT EDS-GRT: Accelerators

21. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. Type: Resonance LS +N Non-resonance HPGe, NaI BGO, LSO, BaF Position sensitive High Z sandwich Optimization: Geometry Number Configuration Electronics Size EDS-GRT: Detectors

22. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc. SUMMARYSUMMARY There is a need for new technology to meet future needs of national security. Configurations for various applications have been presented, from small parcels to large cargo containers. Mobile capability of the system has been indicated. The gamma source, the main obstacle of the past, is at present commercially available. Present objectives are; system integration, prototype certification, and designing a deployable system.