1. P ULMONARY E MBOLISM

2. W HAT IS A PULMONARY E MBOLISM ? A Pulmonary Embolism occurs when major blood vessels (arteries) in the lungs become blocked. Usually caused by a clot from the deeper veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis), that moves to the lungs and becomes wedged between an artery. Other substances that can block the arteries of the lungs are: Fat from the marrow of a broken bone Small pieces of a tumor Air bubbles

3. S YMPTOMS Some common symptoms of a pulmonary embolism are: Sudden shortness of breath Sharp and intense chest pain Coughing up blood or a pink mucous like substance Excessive sweating Rapid heart rate Faintness or lightheadedness

4. T REATMENTS The most common treatment for a pulmonary embolism is anticoagulant medicines which stop the growth of existing clots and prevent new clots from forming. Other less common treatments include: Thrombolytic medicines - dissolves clots quickly, although can cause severe bleeding Surgical removal of the clot (embolectomy) Filtering of the vein by inserting a filter into the central vein of the body - this procedure is only used when anticoagulants are not an option.

5. P REVENTION Pulmonary embolisms are more common during periods of immobility such as recovering from a surgery or long journeys. Post surgery prevention: Anticoagulants Compression stockings Physical activity as soon as possible after surgery Travel prevention: Walking as much as possible Flexing and moving feet while sitting Wearing loose fitting clothing Drinking plenty of fluids

6. R ISK F ACTORS Some factors can increase one’s risk for getting a pulmonary embolism, such as: Age – older people are at a higher risk for being diagnosed Preexisting medical conditions such as heart disease, pregnancy, or cancer Excessive smoking Being overweight Being on birth control pills Being immobile for long periods of time

7. B IBLIOGRAPHY Mayo Clinic http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pulmonary- embolism/DS00429 Web MD http://www.webmd.com/lung/tc/pulmonary- embolism-topic-overview