1. Cross a homozygous dominant green plant with a heterozygous green plant. What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Agenda for Tuesday Jan 3 rd 1.Test stuff 2.Lab

2. Cross 2 heterozygous green pea seed plants. What is the chance to have a yellow (recessive trait) pea seed? Agenda for Wednesday Jan 4 th 1. Complex patterns of inheritance – Incomplete and Co-dominance Quiz Monday

3. Complete Dominance a heterozygous individual’s phenotype will show dominant trait

4. Purebred red snapdragons were crossed with purebred white snapdragons all offspring were pink

5. Incomplete Dominance one allele for a trait is not completely dominant over the other allele Combined phenotype (blended) R = allele for red flowers W = allele for white flowers red x white ---> pink RR x WW ---> 100% RW

6. Co-dominance In COdominance, the "recessive" & "dominant" traits appear together in the phenotype of hybrid (heterozygous) organisms

7. Practice Set up genotypes for the phenotypes listed in each set. Remember that the "medium" trait is always heterozygous. a) Birds can be blue, white, or white with blue-tipped feathers. b) Flowers can be white, pink, or red. c) A Hoo can have curly hair, spiked hair, or a mix of both curly and spiked. D) A person can be tall, medium, or short.

8. 1. Write the genotypes for the pictured phenotypes 2. Show the cross between a star-eyed and a circle eyed. What are the phenotypes of the offspring? What are the genotypes?

9. 3. Show the cross between a circle-star eyed, and a circle eyed. How many of the offspring are circle-eyed? How many of the offspring are circle-star eyed? Write the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. 4. Show the cross between two circle-star eyed. How many of the offspring are circle-eyed? How many of the offspring are circle-star eyed? How many are star eyed?

10. Agenda for Thursday Jan 5 th 1. Sex Linked traits Quiz Monday In humans, straight hair (SS) and curly hair (CC) are co-dominant traits that result in hybrids that have wavy hair (SC). Cross a Straight hair female with a wavy haired male. What are the chances of having a curly haired child? What are the chances of having a straight hair child? What are the chances of having a wavy hair child?

11. Sex Determination Thomas Hunt Morgan – studied fruit flies in the early 1900’s

12. Sex Determination Observed that one pair of chromosomes was different between males and females – Large one named “X” chromosome – Smaller one named “Y” chromosome – XX = female; XY = male

13. XY XX X Y X X X X X Y Female XX Female XY Male XY Male 50% Female; 50% Male

14. Sex Linkage Sex Linkage: the presence of a gene on a sex chromosome (X or Y) X-linked genes: genes found on the X chromosome – X chromosome carries more genes Y-linked genes: genes found on the Y chromosome

15. Fruit Fly Eye Color Fruit flies normally have red eyes – Red is dominant; white is recessive A few males have white eyes

16. Morgan’s Fruit Fly Experiments Red-eyed female (X R X R) x White-eyed male (X r Y) XRXR XRXR XrXr Y XRXrXRXr XRXrXRXr XRYXRYXRYXRY RESULTS: F 1 generation – all red-eyed

17. Morgan’s Fruit Fly Experiments Red-eyed female (X R X r) x Red-eyed male (X R Y) XRXR XrXr XRXR Y XRXRXRXR XRXrXRXr XRYXRYXrYXrY RESULTS: F 2 generation – 3 red-eyed and 1 white- eyed ** all white-eyed where males…why?

18. Morgan’s Conclusions Gene for eye color is carried on the X chromosome = eye color is an X-linked trait Y chromosome does not carry a gene for eye color Red-eyed = X R X R, X R X r, X R Y White-eyed = X r X r, X r Y

19. In humans colorblindness (b) is an example of a sex-linked recessive trait. A male without colorblindness marries a female who isn’t colorblind but carries the allele. 1.What are the phenotypes of the offspring? 2.What are the genotypes of the offspring? 3.What are the genotypic ratios? 4.What are the phenotypic ratios? 5.What is the percent chance of each genotype? 6.What is the percent chance of each phenotype?

20. In fruit flies red eye color (R) is dominant to white eyes (r) and is a sex linked trait. A heterozygous red eye female mates with a red eye male. 1.What are the phenotypes of the offspring? 2.What are the genotypes of the offspring? 3.What are the genotypic ratios? 4.What are the phenotypic ratios? 5.What is the percent chance of each genotype? 6.What is the percent chance of each phenotype?

21. Agenda for Friday Jan 6 th 1. Review Sex Linked traits 2. Multiple alleles Quiz Monday In fruit flies red eye color (R) is dominant to white eyes (r). Cross a heterozygous female with a white eye male. What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios?

22. In humans colorblindness (b) is an example of a sex-linked recessive trait. A male with colorblindness marries a female who isn’t colorblind and does not carry the allele. What is the chance they will have a child that is colorblind?

23. In fruit flies red eye color (R) is dominant to white eyes (r) and is a sex linked trait. A heterozygous red eye female mates with a white eye male. How many males will have white eyes?

24. Multiple Alleles Multiple alleles – traits that are determined by more than 2 alleles – We have only 2 alleles (1 from mom, 1 from dad) – Blood groups (ABO) – O is recessive (i allele) ALLELE I A I B i CODES FOR Type "A" Blood Type "B" Blood Type "O" Blood

25. GENOTYPES I A I A I A i RESULTING PHENOTYPES Type A Type A IBIBIBiIBIBIBiType B IAIBIAIB Type AB iiType O

26. More alleles means more combinations there are 6 different genotypes & 4 different phenotypes for blood type Note: 2 genotypes for both "A" & "B" blood --- either homozygous (I A I A or I B I B ) or heterozygous with one recessive allele for "O" (I A i or I B i). The only genotype for "O" blood is homozygous recessive (ii). And lastly, what's the deal with "AB" blood? What is this an example of? The "A" trait & the "B" trait appear together in the phenotype.

28. Problems A woman with Type O blood and a man who is Type AB have are expecting a child. What are the possible blood types of the kid? What are the possible blood types of a child who's parents are both heterozygous for "B" blood type?

29. One More What are the chances of a woman with Type AB and a man with Type A having a child with Type O?

30. What are the chances of a woman with Type AB and a man with Type O having a child with Type O? Agenda for Monday Jan 9 th 1.Quiz 2.Breeding styrofoam monster lab

31. Epistasis Epistasis – one allele hides another Labrador Coat Color – 2 alleles – First allele determines pigment/no pigment ee will have no pigment – Second allele determines how dark the pigment EEbb or Eebb = chocolate brown eebb, eeBb, or eeBB will be yellow because e masks effects of dominant B allele

32. Polygenic phenotype depends on alleles in multiple genes – Skin color, height, eye color – See a continuous progression in the expression of these traits