1. 1.Write the possible gametes in the following parent: AaBbCc (notice: one allele per gamete for each genes: ABC, Abc, …) 2. Repeat your answer considering the position of the genes on the chromosomes:

2. Assort Independently: A and C; B and C Do NOT assort Independently: A and B - they are on the same chromosome. This will affect the ratios between the phenotypes in F2 generation…

3. JohnIsabelle Liz Sue Dan Lucy Luke Joshua Phil What is the relationship between: Dan-Sue; Luke-Joshua; Phil-Isabelle; Liz-Dan; Joshua-Sandy? Sandy marriage children

4. JohnIsabelle Liz Dan Sue Lucy Luke Joshua Phil Sandy carriersaffected unaffected

5. Is the disorder carried by a dominant or recessive allele? Explain your answer, add genotypes Copy the pedigree. (Question 5)

6. Is the disorder carried by a dominant or recessive allele? Explain your answer. Copy the pedigree.

7. Answer: The disorder is Recessive, since it ‘skipped a generation’. ‘Normal’ parents must be heterozygous carriers.

8. Autosomal Vs. Sex-linked Disorders: Sex-linked disorder = Gene is on a sex chromosome (mostly on the X) Autosomal disorder = Gene is on any of the other 1-22 chromosomes. Dominant vs. Recessive Disorders: Dominant disorder = carried by the dominant allele. Recessive disorder = carried by the recessive allele.

9. Several Genetic disorders are inherited in genes that are located on the X chromosome. Predict: Who do you expect will show these disorders more often, females or males? Explain. Women are XX, men are Xy

10. Sex-linked Inheritance Definition: Sex-linked genes are located on the sex chromosomes, usually on the X chromosome. So, why is this important?

11. Dystrophin (Duchenne MS) Clotting Factor (Hemophilia A) Color Receptor (Red/Green)

12. “Royal” Disease - Hemophilia

13. Adiel (1986-1999)

15. 46XX46XY FemaleMale A recessive X-linked disorder has a better chance to show in males. Example: Color Blindness. C = normalc = colorblind Cross: 1) X C X c x X C Y 2) X C X C x X c Y x x

16. 1) X C X c x X C Y x XCXC XCXC XcXc Y XCXcXCXc XCXCXCXC XcYXcY XCYXCY Daughters: 0% color-blind Sons: 50% chance to be color-blind

17. 2) X C X C x X c Y XCXC XCXC XCXC Y XCXcXCXc XCXcXCXc XCYXCY XCYXCY Daughters: 100% To be a carrier Sons: 0% chance to be color-blind x

18. In Conclusion: 1) X-linked Disorders are more common amongst males. Reason:_________________ 2) Can a colorblind man pass the disorder to his son? Answer:___________________ http://www.kcl.ac.uk/teares/gktvc/ vc/lt/colourblindness/plate1.htm

20. About Sickle Cell Anemia Caused by a mutation in the gene for Hemoglobin, which delivers oxygen in the blood. Symbols: H A = Normal hemoglobin. H S = Mutated hemoglobin. - The same symbols are used for the corresponding alleles.

21. Sickled Red Blood Cells Normal

22. Why does this happen? Normal (with Valine) Mutated (with Glutamic Acid)

23. Traffic Jams by sickled cells

25. Add punnet square for sickle cell with HA and HS, and with corresponding phenotypes.

26. Abundance of the S Allele in Malaria- infested regions.

27. Normal and Sickle hemoglobin proteins migrate differently in a gel: normal is more negative. What kind of hemoglobins are for each persons 1, 2 and 3? (Alleles: H is normal and H s is sickled)

28. In a genetic test of this family, the mutated and normal proteins were analyzed. Is the disease recessive or dominant? Explain. 1.2.3.4. - + A rare unknown disorder causing deafness was found to be common in one family. affected not affected

29. Some disorders we learned about are very harmful, even deadly. Why, then, do they still exist in the population?