1. F IND THE ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN YOUR TEXTBOOK ( PP. 277-280). W RITE THE ANSWERS IN YOUR LAB N OTEBOOK. Y OU HAVE 20 M INUTES. Who was Gregor Mendel? An Austrian Monk, the father of modern genetics What organism did Mendel study? Pea Plants What is genetics ? The study of heredity (how traits are passed down) List three traits that Mendel studied in his pea plants Seed and pea color, flower color, pod color, seed shape, texture, stem length, flower position, etc. Define allele What is the law of segregation ? What is the law of independent assortment?

2. I NTRO T O G ENETICS – M ENDEL ’ S P EAS

3. different forms of a trait – called alleles Dominant “stronger” – will mask the other form of the trait if it is present Written as capital letters – “A, B, C, D, etc.” Recessive “weaker” – will only be visible if the dominant form is absent Written as lower case letters – “a, b, c, d, etc.”

4. I NTRO TO G ENETICS Homozygous – Two of the same type of allele (two dominant or two recessive) AA, bb, etc… Heterozygous – One dominant and one recessive allele. Aa, Bb, etc…

5. W HICH WILL BE EXPRESSED – D OMINANT OR R ECESSIVE ? AA

6. W HICH WILL BE EXPRESSED – D OMINANT OR R ECESSIVE ? RR

7. W HICH WILL BE EXPRESSED – D OMINANT OR R ECESSIVE ? Bb

8. W HICH WILL BE EXPRESSED – D OMINANT OR R ECESSIVE ? dd

9. W HICH WILL BE EXPRESSED – D OMINANT OR R ECESSIVE ? Cc

10. W HICH WILL BE EXPRESSED – D OMINANT OR R ECESSIVE ? ff

11. T RAITS F OUR C ORNERS Farsightedness Curly Hair Widow’s Peak Dimples Roll Tongue Straight Thumb Nearsightedness Straight Hair Straight Hairline No Dimples Can’t Roll Tongue Hitchhiker Thumb

12.  Jeannie has straight hair, but both her parents have curly hair. Is straight hair dominant or recessive? Why?

13.  Genotype – the particular alleles an organism has  Phenotype – the visible expression of the genotype

14.  Law of segregation – the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis.  Ex: If the parent is Aa, this will separate into A and a during meiosis.  Law of independent assortment – alleles for each trait separate independently of other traits.  Ex: Just because a gamete (sperm or egg) gets the dominant allele for seed color does not mean it will also get the dominant allele for seed shape. These two allele sets do not affect each other

15.  Punnett Squares  A way to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from the genotypes of the parents  Gives you a ratio of possibilities  Can do one allele pair (monohybrid), two allele pairs (dihybrid) or even more in a single square

16.  Perform the following monohybrid crosses:  AA x AA  Bb X BB  Cc x Cc  Dd x dd  ee x ee  Perform the following dihybrid crosses:  AABb x Aabb  AABB x aabb  AaBb x AaBb  aaBb x AABb  Aabb x AABB

17. DNA What is an allele? Give an example of a homozygous and a heterozygous trait.

18. PEDIGREES

19. DNA Look at the pedigree to the right. Those in red are color blind. Do you notice anything strange about who is color blind and who isn’t? What?

20. Complex Inheritance Split into five groups. You will each be assigned an article to read about a special pattern of inheriting alleles. You will be presenting the information in the article to the rest of the class. You will have ten minutes to read the article and decide who is saying what. EVERYONE must speak! Each group will have five minutes to present.