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ABO blood typing(1) Hu li-ping( 胡利平 ) Forensic Medicine Dept.
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Outline Part one Introduction Part two ABO blood type Part three Experiment operation for ABO typing
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Blood groups The genetic differences of blood are called blood groups. The genetic differences Part one Introduction RBCs group WBCs group Serological type
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The genetic differences of RBCs are called RBCs groups. The genetic differences ABO group Rh. MN. P. lewis.kidd
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Whole Blood
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Composition of Blood Plasma: Fluid component – Water (90%) – plasma proteins – Other solutes Formed elements: Cells and fragments – RBCs – WBCs – Platelets
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In Plasma,there are some useful antibodies in forensic application or medical application. such as anti-A,anti-B On the surface of RBCs,there are many antigens, such as A,B.
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8 Blood Typing Antigens – Surface of red blood cells – Responsible for blood-type characteristics More than 15 blood antigen systems are identified ABO, Rh systems are the most important
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Antibodies – In the plasma – Responsible for blood-type characteristics at the same time
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History ---- In 1900,Karl Landsteiner found 4 different kinds of blood –A,B,AB and O(A-B-O system). ----A few years later, starting around 1937, a series of antigen-antibody reactions were discovered in blood, the most common ones being ABH, MN, Rh, and Gm (over 100 antigens exist).
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Part two ABO blood type
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Type O—46% Type A—40% Type B—10% Type AB—4% Average Percents…
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4 blood types
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Surface Antigens Antibodies AAAnti-B BBAnti-A ABA, Bnone O Anti-A Anti-B ABO Antigens and Antibodies
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Homologous Chromosomes Genes From FatherFrom Mother Diploid = Two copies of each type of chromosome Loci = Physical position of a gene on a chromosome Allele = Alternate forms of a gene: Alleles have the same position (locus) on a pair of homologous chromosomes
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ABO TYPE Phenotype Genotype AAA or AO BAA or BO AB OOO
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Father A + Mother B Child ?
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A O B A B B O Child1Child2
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Other Examples MomDadOffspring Blood Group AABB100% AB AOBB50% each of AB or B AOBO4 kinds of blood group AABO50% each of AB or A
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Part three —Detecting ABO blood groups (1) Experimental purposes (2) Experiment principle (3) Experimental procedures
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Experimental purposes ------to grasp the method of ABO blood tpying -----To be familiar with agglutination reactions of RBCs and judge the agglutination result.
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Experiment principle of Blood Typing Antigen –antibody reactions Specific antigen on the surface of blood and serum antibody in the plazma can particularly combine and cause agglutination reactions.particularl
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ABO Blood Typing Antigen –antibody agglutination reactions
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phenomenonResultsMeaning Agglutination + With relevant antigens _ With no relevant antigens
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Experimental procedures Take fingertip blood agglutination reactions judgement of results
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to be prepared - Mark With saline A B
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Collect blood Sterilize Pierce Squeeze
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Mix up saline RBCs suspension 2 drops blood A B
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anti -A anti -B A tube B tube 2 drops Mix A B
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Place in a room temperature for 15mins Whether agglutination A B
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Agglutination is positive. ( + ) No agglutination is negative. ( -- )
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Results - ABO Positive typing Antibodies known Unknown cells1 Unknown cells2 Unknown cells3 Unknown cells4 A(anti-A)+_+_ B(anti-B)_++_ ResultsABABO
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Experiment contents To test the two unknown samples x1x1 x2x2
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Anti-B Anti-AAnti-B Anti-A x1x1 x2x2
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Anti-B Anti-AAnti-B Anti-A x1x1 x2x2 Place in a room temperature for 15min Mix up
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Test report (1) Experimental purposes (2) Experiment principle (3) Experimental procedures (4) Experimental results (5) Experimental analysis
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Thank you! E-mail:542575723@qq.com Tel:13888835457
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