1. 1 Molecular epidemiology of lyssaviruses in Eurasia Dr Lorraine McElhinney Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), UK

2. 2 Previous Published Studies Russian RABV phylogeny (Kuzmin et al 2004) European RABV phylogeny (McElhinney et al 2006) Iranian RABV phylogeny (Nadin-Davis et al 2003) European RABV phylogeny (Bourhy et al 1999) Lyssavirus phylogeny (Badrane et al 2001) Middle East RABV phylogeny (David et al 2007)

3. 3 Reported Rabies Cases Serbia & Montenegro 1993-2005 Year No. 1993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005 Total824611811098103113152245218232202371 Wildlife532510081677284112185182184163264 Domestic2921182931 294060364839107 Rabies present only in the Northern Regions of Serbia prior to 1990s (Sava, Danube) Rapid spread of rabies southwards at a rate of 20-50km/year since 1991

4. 4 Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1971-1974 (n=8) Foxes (n=7), Dog (n=1) 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 17 20 21 22 24 29 30 SC =Somborcluster (5,10,11,12,16,18,19,23,25,26,27, 2831) 328 1 2 3 4 7 5,6 =

5. 5 Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1976-1979 (n=33) Foxes (n=25), Cats (n=4), Dog, Deer, Cow, Badger (n=1)

6. 6 Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1985-1986 (n=9) Foxes (n=3), Dog (n=3), Cat, Horse and Cow (n=1) 2, 5 3, 4 1 6 8 7 9

7. 7 Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1996-1998 (n=31) Foxes (n=15), Cats (n=13), Dog (n=3)

8. 8 Places of origin of the isolates collected between 1999-2000 (n=66) Foxes (n=28), Cats (n=20), Dogs (n=10), Cows (n=4), Horses (n=2), Deer, Goat (n=1)

9. 9 Isolate Distribution 147 virus isolates available for study Dates range between 1972-2001 Varied Host species: 78 Foxes, 38 cats, 18 dogs, 13 others Additional published sequences obtained from Genbank Data Sources e.g. Kissi et al (1992), Bourhy et al (1999) Vanaga et al (2003), Nadin-Davis et al (2007) David et al (2007)

10. 10 Rabies Virus Genome 400bp

11. 11 Phylogenetic Tree (N400bp)

12. 12 Isolates belonging to WE Group

13. 13 Isolates belonging to EE Group

14. 14 Isolates Closest to Middle East Group

15. 15 Serbian Fox Group 100

16. 16 Conclusions Evidence for a number of concurrent independent rabies cycles Supports previously published antigenic typing data (Stankov et al - mAbs) All FRY isolates within Cosmopolitan lineage Relationships - geographical, host species and chronological Potential for presence intermediate viruses (fox-dog- cat) Additional panel currently being analysed (2001-2006 isolates) – assess survival of viral variants Future work will involve evolutionary clock analysis (Full N & G gene sequencing underway)

17. 17 Conclusions (2) Royal Society Travel Grants – Russian & Chinese Programmes Sharing of isolates / collaborative studies Exchange visits Targeted surveillance programmes Russian Collaborative Programmes (VLA/Dr Botvinkin & Dr Kuzmin) publications: Kuzmin et al 2004, Botvinkin et al 2006, Mansfield et al 2006 Chinese Collaborative Programme (VLA/ Prof Tu & Dr Jiang) Canine RABV sequences analysed Active/passive targetted bat surveillance (Prof Tu to present data)

18. 18 Prof A. Fooks, Dr L McElhinney D. Marston, Dr N Johnson, C Black Dr N Tordo (France) Prof Tu, Dr Jiang (China) Defra grant SE0420 Royal Society Dr S Stankov (Serbia & Montenegro) Dr T Muller (Germany) Acknowledgements