1. Conrad Freuling Thomas Selhorst Thomas Müller Conrad Freuling Thomas Selhorst Thomas Müller Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal Health WHO CC for Rabies Surveillance and Research OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal Health WHO CC for Rabies Surveillance and Research OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany The financial challenge to keep a large area free from rabies – the EU example The financial challenge to keep a large area free from rabies – the EU example

2. ORV in Europe implementation of programmes 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Field trials

3. ORV in Europe vaccination areas & rabies in 2006

4. The EU example What if rabies freedom is achieved?

5. EU recommendations: Establishment of a vaccination belt (cordon sanitaire) Establishment of a vaccination belt (cordon sanitaire) 50 km buffer zone 50 km buffer zone Vaccination strategy Vaccination strategy twice a year (spring / autumn) twice a year (spring / autumn) 30 baits / km² 30 baits / km² aerial distribution (95%) aerial distribution (95%) complementary hand distribution (5%) complementary hand distribution (5%) The EU example How to keep rabies freedom?

6. The EU example The vaccination belt 250,822 km² calculated with GIS 250,822 km² calculated with GIS

7. Cost estimate: Considering maximum & minimum prices for Considering maximum & minimum prices for vaccine baits (0.45 – 0.9 / dose) vaccine baits (0.45 – 0.9 / dose) fixed-wing aircrafts (1.5 – 4 / km²) fixed-wing aircrafts (1.5 – 4 / km²) helicopters (37 / km²) helicopters (37 / km²) ORV monitoring (5 / km² / a) ORV monitoring (5 / km² / a) Rabies surveillance Rabies surveillance Bait-up take Bait-up take Serology Serology Virus typing Virus typing The EU example What does it cost?

8. The EU example Annual costs! Vacc. area in km² min Mio Mio max Finland24,3800.981.63 Estonia10,0960.400.67 Latvia14,6360.580.98 Lithuania28,0001.121.87 Poland47,1561.883.16 Slovakia4,7670.190.31 Hungary24,7230.991.65 Romania63,9242.564.28 Bulgaria18,1130.721.21 Slovenia14,3720.570.96 Austria6550.020.04 total250,82210.0416.82 Fixed price for aircraft (3 / km²) 40 /km² 67 /km²

9. The EU example Annual costs! Price in / km² minmax Fixed-wing aircraft 1.59.3416.12 4.010.5117.28 helicopter37.025.9032.68 Mio Mio Fluctuating prices for aircraft (3 / km²)

10. The EU example Countries contribution! % %

11. Keeping the EU rabies-free will costs Mio of / year Keeping the EU rabies-free will costs Mio of / year No rabies free status for border MS No rabies free status for border MS Cost estimates also applicable for non-EU countries Cost estimates also applicable for non-EU countries need for a concept on how the costs can be shared need for a concept on how the costs can be shared research is necessary to research is necessary to minimise costs minimise costs adapt vaccination strategy adapt vaccination strategy develop cost efficient and safe new strategies develop cost efficient and safe new strategies Modelling Modelling field trials field trials Conclusions What is the message?

12. Foto: Adriaan Vos Who is gonna pay this?