1. Direct Ophthalmoscope

2. Schematic of the Eye

3. Posterior Pole of fundus

4. Diagram of Fundus Layers

5. Fundus and Disc

6. Optic Disc Edema

7. Optic Nerve Drusen

8. Optic Nerve Drusen

9. Pigment Crescent around Disc Margin

10. Myelinated nerve fibers

11. Optic Nerve Coloboma

12. Optic Nerve Hypoplasia

13. Normal Variations of Disc

14. Large Cup –C/D ratio
PEX, GLC

15. Glaucoma-nerve appearance
GLC

16. Glaucoma
Advanced Glaucoma
Glaucoma

17. Optic nerve pallor, papillitis
ON pallor, pituitary adenoma
Papillitis vs. Foster Kennedy

18. Artery/Vein ratio (2/3 is normal)
normal AV

19. Arteriosclerotic vessel changes
Chol. Plaque, Hollenhorst
light reflex

20. Light reflex, A/V crossing
Increased light reflex 1/11/02
HTN, gLC suspect 1/11/02

21. Hypertension
Hypertension

22. CRAO and BRAO
CRAO with cherry red spot
BRAO

23. Hollenhorst Plaque and Late CRAO with optic atrophy
Hollenhorst with ischemia
Late CRAO with optic atrophy

24. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

25. BRVO before and s/p laser

26. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion-CRVO

27. Hollenhorst plaque, Central Retinal Artery occlusion

28. Macular Drusen

29. Drusen-macula

30. Atrophic macular degeneration

31. Exudative macular changes

32. Subretinal macular heme

33. ARMD with Macular Scar Disciform scar, scleral crescent
ARMD, Scleral crescent

34. Diabetic retinopathy

35. Background Diabetic Retinopathy
BDR
Cotton Wool spot

36. PDR before and after PRP
PDR prior to PRP
after PRP

37. Pre-retinal hemes
Preretinal heme in BDR

38. Choroidal nevus

39. Choroidal Nevus Red free, and no filter

40. Direct Ophthalmoscope-Patient side and observer side

41. Adjust light (left) and power (right)

42. Position for starting procedure

43. Examiner right eye, hand, right patient eye