1. Water Treatment at Kouka© Richard Sale, 2009, All Rights Reserved Domestic Waste Water Treatment The case for subsidising domestic waste water treatment in the rural areas of Cyprus

2. Water Treatment at Kouka© Richard Sale, 2009, All Rights Reserved Case Study  A new build @300 m 2 in Kouka village, one of the Mountain Villages  Permanent inhabitants 2 adults  Domestic water usage: 2 x showers 3 x WCs 4 x washbasins Kitchen sink Dishwasher Washing machine 150L Solar panel with hot water recirculation pump (subsidy available)  Sewage disposal in village normally by septic tank & soakaway

3. Water Treatment at Kouka© Richard Sale, 2009, All Rights Reserved Domestic Waste Water Treatment Waste pumped up from holding tank into bio & filtration unit Air blowers for waste holding tank and bio tank Control unit Biological & filtration tank Treated water discharge to holding tank Overflow & backwash return to waste holding tank Waste water holding tank Clean water holding tank

4. Water Treatment at Kouka© Richard Sale, 2009, All Rights Reserved Water Standards

5. Water Treatment at Kouka© Richard Sale, 2009, All Rights Reserved The Financial Equation

6. Water Treatment at Kouka© Richard Sale, 2009, All Rights Reserved Consequences  Without a subsidy there is no encouragement to install full domestic waste water treatment  This leads to continued pollution of ground water  People continue to use precious domestic water for non-domestic purposes, e.g. garden, car washing, patio washing etc.  To obtain free water, people sink additional boreholes, lowering the water table for all (subsidies are still offered for these)  Applications for full domestic waste water treatment subsidies are turned down on the grounds that these systems require expert installation and maintenance - why not licence and inspect?

7. Water Treatment at Kouka© Richard Sale, 2009, All Rights Reserved Questions? richard.sale@cytanet.com.cy +357 25434165 PO Box 1 4743 Kouka http://www.kouka.com.cy