1. Large scale CDM methodologies for mass rapid transport systems
Presentation title
Large scale CDM methodologies for mass rapid transport systems
Practitioner Workshop
Improvement of CDM methodologies for transportation
Bonn, Germany, March 2011
Victoria Novikova
Associate Programme Officer-Methodology Development and Improvement
UNFCCC Secretariat, Sustainable Development Mechanisms

2. Outline
Overview of large scale methodologies for transportation under CDM
AM0031: determination of baseline, project & leakage emissions
ACM0016: determination of baseline, project & leakage emissions
Applicability of AM0031 & ACM0016
Methodology application
Key challenges of CDM transport projects

3. Overview of large scale methodologies for transportation
Presentation title

4. Baseline methodology for bus rapid transit projects
AM0031
Baseline methodology for bus rapid transit projects

5. AM0031 Baseline methodology for bus rapid transit projects

6. AM0031: determination of baseline emissions

7. Only from the new transport system: Option 1. fuel consumption data
AM0031: project emissions
Only from the new transport system:
Option 1. fuel consumption data
Option 2. specific fuel consumption & distance data

8. AM0031: leakage emissions Emissions included as leakage
Congestion change provoked by project resulting in (inter alia):
Increased vehicle speed
Rebound effect
Upstream emissions of gaseous fuels in case more gaseous fuels are used by the project case compared to the baseline case
Change of baseline factors monitored during project and included as leakage:
Change of load factors of taxis provoked indirectly by project
Change of load factor of remaining conventional buses provoked indirectly by project

9. Baseline methodology for mass rapid transit projects
ACM0016
Baseline methodology for mass rapid transit projects

10. ACM0016 Baseline methodology for mass rapid transit projects

11. ACM0016: determination of baseline emissions

12. ACM0016: project emissions

13. ACM0016: leakage emissions
Changes in the load factor of taxes & busses ;
Reduced congestion on affected roads (provoking higher average speeds, determined for passenger cars & taxis)
Induced traffic (for passenger cars & taxis) and rebound effect

14. Applicability
AM0031
ACM0016
Construction & operation of BRTS (feeder + trunk routes)
Construction & operation of MRTS or BRTS (trunk routes)

15. Methodology application
Presentation title
Methodology application
Projects
AM0031
ACM0016
Under validation 5 2
At registration
Registered
Registered emissions
464,630
Request for issuance 4
Issued 1
Total Issued CERs (tonnes)
277,044

16. Key challenges of CDM transport projects
Presentation title
Key challenges of CDM transport projects
Baseline emissions determination
many dispersed emission sources
methodologies require surveys
indirect effects can be significant (e.g. positive and negative rebound effects)
Additionality demonstration
Investment analysis is more difficult in case of public investors (e.g. consideration of subsidies)

17. Thank you for your attention!

18. Supplementary slides

19. Methodology improvement: objectivity, applicability, and usability of methodologies
Readability and language
Internal consistency and consistency with other methodologies
Referencing tools
Use of conservative default values or discount factors to calculate emissions
Omitting insignificant emission sources
Relaxing applicability conditions (e.g. by making conservative assumptions for the calculation of emission reductions for the relevant project types)
Simplifying or replacing with conservative default values certain monitoring requirements