1. Introduction to Film Studies
Montage

2. Editing Devices
Cheat Cut - in the continuity editing systyem, a cut which presents continuous time from shot to shot but which mismatches the position of figures or objects
The lady on the phone, the wall and the people at dinner table, Meet me in St. Louis

3. Editing Devices
Establishing shots are for identifying the context for a scene by showing the relationship between important figures and their surrounding. Generally they are filmed in long or extreme-long shot at the beginning of a scene. Vertigo

4. Editing Devices
Establishing shot not only introduces the viewer a location, but also determines the spatial relationship in it, very importantly, the axis of action for the 180° rule (system) Vertigo

5. Editing Devices
Cross-cutting or Inter-cutting (shots of two or more, usually concurrent actions, are interwoven.)
A classic example: D.W. Griffith’s Lonedale Operator In its ending the telegraph woman sends for help and ward off the robbers and in the meanwhile help is arriving in a train.

6. Editing Devices
Cross-cutting – editing that alternates the shots of two or more lines of action taking place in different places but simultaneously. Multiple actions are linked and multiple characters from different shots are associated. Godfather

7. Editing Devices
Jump Cut – editing device in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from (slightly or just slightly) different camera positions. Through this editing, an action can jump forwards in time by eliminating part of it. It manipulates the duration of the action. How to make a jump cut

8. Editing Devices
Cut-in: The change of framing from distant to closer view. In Dancer in the Dark Selma and Bill are having a conversation in his car. An extreme long shot of Bill’s car cut in to the medium long shot of Bill and Selma. Cut-in

9. Editing Devices
Cut-away – the interruption of a continuous action by inserting a view of something else. The cut-away shot is followed, though not always, by a cut back to the previous action.
The Odessa Steps montage Sergei Eisenstein’s Battleship Potemkin

10. Editing Devices
More jagged jump cut, in which an action is cut abruptly before it completes and an action starts abruptly in the middle of it, fractures the duration of time forward. Violation of classical continuity editing.

11. Editing Devices
Jagged jump cuts are frequently and extensively used in contemporary artistic films such as those in Dogme 95
Lars von Trier’s Dancer in the Dark

12. Duration of Time in Editing
Temporal ellipsis – jumping forward in story time by not showing what may have happened between the last action and the next.
In Yasujiro Ozu’s Tokyo Story, events over a night is eliminated by the shot of the old parents waiting for a train cut to the shot of a railway station in the morning and their son in his office.

13. Duration of Time in Editing
The passage of days is eliminated by using a series of unmatched shots of holiday-makers arriving at the beach town and indicating a holiday season is approaching.
Stephen Spielberg’s Jaws Holidaymakers

14. Duration of Time in Editing
One of the boldest graphic matches in cinema history and one of the largest temporal ellipsis. Between the shot of a bone spinning in the air and that of a space station orbiting the earth, two million years has passed in Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: Space Odyssey

15. Duration of Time in Editing
Story time (the length of time passes in the story) can be prolonged as discourse time (the length of time spent to tell the story) by adding extra shots in the process of editing.
In Martin Scorsese’s Raging Bull, a fight is greatly extended by including extra shots.

16. Duration of Time in Editing
Another bold ellipsis of time in which not only a considerable length of time is omitted but also it jumps a considerable geographical space from Cairo to the Arabian Desert in Lawrence of Arabia.

17. Editing Devices
Double (multiple) exposure – the superimposition of two or more exposure to create a single image. It has been used in Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now opening

18. Editing Devices
The footage shot by multiple cameras can be edited together so that the scene gain dynamism as frequently used in sports broadcasting.

19. Editing Devices
The final battle scene of Seven Samurai by Akira Kurosawa was shot with eight cameras and the footage was skillfully edited and mixed with enhanced sound effects.

20. Editing Devices
Danny Boyle’s Slumdog Millinaire was shot with 26 portable digital video cameras at most. excerpt