1. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. COVERAGE, FRAMES & GIS, Part 2 Quality assurance for census 1

2. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY IN CENSUS Geography is an integral part of the census  frame  distribution network  coding structure  control system  dissemination 2

3. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. TRADITIONAL MAPPING OPERATION Traditional mapping method Map characteristics are manually drawn on transparent layers from base maps A map is printed when all the required characteristics are on the various overlaid layers 3

4. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. MANUAL versus AUTOMATED Manual Mapping Operations: Is very labour-intensive Is time-consuming Error prone Storage and retrieval cumbersome 4

5. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. MANUAL versus AUTOMATED Automated Mapping Operations (GIS): – Require high-end computers and storage – Require specialized software – Require intensive training – Are faster – More accurate – Have derivative uses 5

6. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. COST ANALYSIS 1. Planning, design and management – Overall planning of the GIS project – Outside expertise recommended 2. Site Assessment – Adequate space – Adequate services 6

7. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. COST ANALYSIS cont’d 3. Hardware acquisition – Costs are falling, with power increasing – Hardware capabilities must match software requirements 4. Software acquisition – Need to evaluate dozens of products – Compatibility: can data be shared? – Evaluate needs: high-end user or visualization? 7

8. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. COST ANALYSIS cont’d 5. System Configuration/Customization – Distribute work: networked system – Customize GIS software for different types of users or workers 6. Training – New technology means new skills required – Technology is more and more easy to use, but changes quickly 8

9. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. COST ANALYSIS cont’d 7. Database design - Geographic hierarchy – Define attributes and relationships – Identify how tabular census data will be integrated with map data 8. Data acquisition and Data capture – Look for available data: road network, hydrographic, elevation, etc. – If not available, plan and do the capture 9

10. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. ROLE OF GIS MAPPING Pre-Census Activities Defining Geographic Hierarchy Census Operations Preparation of Base Maps Delineation of Geographic Boundaries GIS Database Design GIS Metadata Using GIS during Census enumeration Dissemination and Analysis Thematic Mapping 10

11. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. GEOGRAPHIC HIERARCHY Census geography is a nested set, in descending order, of all the standard administrative units that are used to uniquely define an EA e.g.|a | b |c | d | e | |nn|nnn|nn|nn|nnn| Where a = province; b = district; c = munic. d = supervisor area; e = EA and n = numeric digit 11

12. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. SAMPLE GIS ENVIRONMENT Equipment - Local Area Network (LAN) – ArcInfo: installed only on the server – ArcView: installed on clients (PC) server client printer scanner Tape backup digitizer 12

13. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS Costs & Benefits of Census Mapping Options Traditional mapping approach: Costs and benefits are identical one census after another Digital mapping approach: At initial implementation, costs are high and benefits are low, but time will reverse the scenario 13

14. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS cont’d Efficiency benefits – Better service Tabular data can be immediately linked to geographic data to produce thematic maps Tailor-made maps or custom aggregation of census data can be created quickly – Increased accuracy and consistency Higher accuracy than sketched maps Seamless database for whole country Changes can be tracked easily 14

15. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS cont’d Efficiency benefits – Productivity and cost saving gains, once the digital database is created, and once staff are trained faster editing and updates more outputs can be generated more secure archiving system, with less storage space 15

16. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS cont’d Efficiency Benefits – Income generation There is a need for high-quality census data – Government departments of the country and of other countries – Private companies of the country and of other countries – Educational institutions 16

17. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. USES OF GIS MAPPING Examples of GIS Mapping Uses: – Support election activities Statistical geographic boundaries associated with population census data help to establish voting districts – Epidemiological analysis To locate and estimate population at risk to diseases Helps to plan eradication measures 17

18. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. USES OF GIS MAPPING Demand for statistical data – Plan educational and social services Helps forecast demand on various services Plan the location of new facilities (school, hospital, etc.) – Utility service planning (water, electricity, etc.) Assess current and future use of service Manage physical infrastructure 18

19. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. USES OF GIS Improved presentation and Interpretability Graphical representation of data is more appealing than tables of numbers Eritria 19

20. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. CONCLUSION GIS is potentially a very useful tool Can be cost effective Requires preparation Requires training Improves timeliness of EA delineation Improves dissemination in a spatial format Allows spatial analysis 20