1. Review & Preview Chapter 2 Review Chapter 1 Major theories/theorists – Erikson – Behaviorism & Social Learning – Piaget – Information processing – Vygotsky – Ecological Systems Theory Video Vocabulary Preview Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations Basic genetics Genetic inheritance Genetic abnormalities Reproductive choices Environmental contexts for development Heredity and behavior

2. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages Basic trust v. mistrust Birth–1 year Identity v. role confusion Adolescence Autonomy v. shame and doubt 1–3 years Intimacy v. isolation Emerging adulthood Initiative v. guilt 3–6 years Generativity v. stagnation Adulthood Industry v. inferiority 6–11 years Integrity v. despair Old age

4. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Behaviorism & Social Learning Classical Conditioning Stimulus – Response Operant Conditioning Reinforcers & punishments Social-Cognitive Approach ModelingSelf-efficacy

5. Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning and Social Learning

6. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Table 1.2

8. Information Processing Looks at the human mind as a symbol- manipulating system through which information flows. Human cognition is often compared to the processing of a computer.

10. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Transmission of culture to new generation –Beliefs, customs, skills Social interaction vital for cognitive development –Cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society Family Life Royalty Free

12. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Ecological Systems Theory Figure 1.4

14. Video Vocabulary Genes DNA chromosomes mitosis sex cells Meiosis sex chromosomes Conception Zygote Embryo Fetus (identical and fraternal twins) – Terms are also covered in chapters 2-4 in our text

15. Quiz 2 1)_______________ are directly observable characteristics that depend in part on the individual’s ____________________, the complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all of our unique characteristics. 2)Sex cells and sex chromosomes are the same thing.T/F 3)Inheritance is always a simple process where a dominant characteristic displays over a recessive characteristic.T/F 4)Match the following types of genetic-environmental correlations with their appropriate descriptors. ______ Children increasingly seek out1. Passive correlation environments that fit their genetic2. Evocative correlation tendencies (called niche-picking).3. Active correlation ______ A child’s style of responding influences others’ responses, which then strengthen the child’s original style. ______ Parents provide an environment consistent with their own heredity.