1. A Brief Synopsis of Nanotubes and Their Proposed Functions By: Scott Eastman

2. Overview What are nanotubes? What are nanotubes? How are nanotubes made? How are nanotubes made? What can nanotubes be used for? What can nanotubes be used for? What is in store for the future of Nanotubes What is in store for the future of Nanotubes

3. What are Nanotubes? Essentially nanotubes are sheets of graphite rolled up into a tube Essentially nanotubes are sheets of graphite rolled up into a tube These tubes are then capped with fullerenes These tubes are then capped with fullerenes Simulated model of a SWNT, the cap consists of six pentagonal rings, just like part of a C20 molecule, but is slightly deformed. Simulated model of a SWNT, the cap consists of six pentagonal rings, just like part of a C20 molecule, but is slightly deformed.

4. Types of Nanotubes There are two types of nanotubes There are two types of nanotubes –Single walled –Multi walled

5. Geometric Configurations of Nanotubes Armchair Armchair Zigzag Zigzag Chiral Chiral

6. How are Nanotubes Made Pyrolyze ferrocene/melamine mixtures at 1050 ˚C in an Argon atmosphere for CN 2 Nanotubes Pyrolyze ferrocene/melamine mixtures at 1050 ˚C in an Argon atmosphere for CN 2 Nanotubes Vapor growth method reacts acetylene at over 600 ˚C Vapor growth method reacts acetylene at over 600 ˚C Zeolites used as scafolding for nanotubes Zeolites used as scafolding for nanotubes

7. Recent Method of Making Small Nanotubes One newer method combines the catalysis method, vapor growth method, and zeolite method to produce the smallest nanotubes known. (0.426nm) One newer method combines the catalysis method, vapor growth method, and zeolite method to produce the smallest nanotubes known. (0.426nm)

8. What Can Nanotubes be Used For Catalysts in Ni/Cd batteries Catalysts in Ni/Cd batteries Lead/acid batteries Lead/acid batteries Hydrogen gas storage Hydrogen gas storage

9. Nanotubes in Instrumentation Used in AFM instruments Used in AFM instruments

10. Properties of SWNTs compared to Au, graphite and Cu http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/ntproperties/ PropertySWNTAuCCu Density (g/cc) 1.33 (10,10) 1.34 (17,0) 1.40 (12,6) 19.32.268.92 Resistivity (  cm) 1 x 10 -4 2.2 x 10 -6 10 -8 * 1.7 x 10 -6 Young’s Modulus (GPa) (stress/strain) 100078 No data 130 ThermalConductivity(W/m/K)2000320140400

11. What Needs to be Done Yet Smaller nanotubes have are expected to be used in gas storage devices, energy storage devices, and sensor applications Smaller nanotubes have are expected to be used in gas storage devices, energy storage devices, and sensor applications Nanotubes possess the greatest tensile strength of any known substance Nanotubes possess the greatest tensile strength of any known substance Nanotubes have only been grown to a 2.5 cm in length and researchers would like to make them longer Nanotubes have only been grown to a 2.5 cm in length and researchers would like to make them longer Researchers would also like to produce nanotubes with 100% efficiency and to precise specs. Researchers would also like to produce nanotubes with 100% efficiency and to precise specs.

12. References: Dr. Robin Tanke Dr. Robin Tanke Jiang, K. ; Eitan, A; Schadler, L. S.; Ajayan, P. M.; Siegel, R. W. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 3. Jiang, K. ; Eitan, A; Schadler, L. S.; Ajayan, P. M.; Siegel, R. W. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 3. Hayashi, T.; Kim, Y.; Matoba, T.; Esaka, M.; Nishimura, K.; Tsukada, T.; Endo, M.; Dresselhaus, M. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 887. Hayashi, T.; Kim, Y.; Matoba, T.; Esaka, M.; Nishimura, K.; Tsukada, T.; Endo, M.; Dresselhaus, M. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 887. Madsen, D.; Mølhave, K.; Mateiu, R.; Rasmussen, A.; Brorson, M.; Jacobsen, C.; Bøggild, P. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 47. Madsen, D.; Mølhave, K.; Mateiu, R.; Rasmussen, A.; Brorson, M.; Jacobsen, C.; Bøggild, P. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 47. Czerw, R.; Terrones, M.; Charlier, J.; Blase, X.; Foley, B.; Kamalakaran, R.; Grobert, N.; Terrones, H.; Tekleab, D.; Ajayan, P.; Blau, W.;Ruehle, R.; Carroll D. Nano Lett. 2001, 1, 457. Czerw, R.; Terrones, M.; Charlier, J.; Blase, X.; Foley, B.; Kamalakaran, R.; Grobert, N.; Terrones, H.; Tekleab, D.; Ajayan, P.; Blau, W.;Ruehle, R.; Carroll D. Nano Lett. 2001, 1, 457. Cheol Jin Lee. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 2365-2368. Cheol Jin Lee. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 2365-2368.