1. Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory (LEGHYD) Laboratory (LEGHYD) University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene USTHB/ Algeria ICCGE 2015 : 17th International Conference on Civil and Geological Engineering Istanbul, Turkey, August 17 - 18, 2015

2. Valorization of Local Materials in the Waterproofing Technique of Landfills Site "TLS" M. Debieche, F. Kaoua

3. Objectifs of the presentation  Valuation of two Algerian materials  Study of water and mechanical behavior of a compacted mixture of a pulverulent material (sand) and bentonite

4. Location map of the bentonite deposit in Algeria

5. The primary interest for environment protection increases the requirement of high quality and reliable sealing systems, whose the main characteristics sought are: 1)A maximum dry density of the compacted mixtures sand / bentonite. 2)A low hydraulic conductivity (K ≤ 10-9m/s), to minimize leakage using a small percentage of bentonite. 3)A sufficient shear strength to maintain slope stability of the TLS. 4)The sustainability of the mixture should be checked vis-a-vis the climate changes, in consecutive hydration properties over time (cycles of wetting- drying).

6. CategorySiO 2 (%)Al 2 O 3 %MgO%Na 2 O%CaO%Viscosity Drilling mud50 to 6515 to 252 - 3>2< 1≥ 30 Foundry50 to 6515 to 252 - 3--- Discoloring earth 50 to 6515 to 253 - 5-< 1- Pelletizing50 to 6515 to 252 - 3> 1-- Criteria for the Selection of Compounds the Bentonite

7. Some Worlwide BentonitesAlgerian Bentonite *Kutch Inde % S&B Greece % Wyoming Federal% Wyoming Black hill % South of the USA% Bentonite of Maghnia % SiO 2 45.4360.8358.1466.125964.98 Al 2 O 3 16.417.921.7317.0118.416.08 Fe 2 O 3 14.054.342.46 5.12.93 CaO1.181.90.861.373.880.61 MgO2.432.832.421.512.863.51 K2OK2O0.131.980.520.540.782.02 Na 2 O3.12.962.082.020.413.88 TiO 2 1.86////0.20 Loss on ignition 13.286.445.37.38.316.07 Comparison of Chemical Compositions of the Worldwide and Algerian Bentonite

8. X-ray diffraction pattern of the bentonite of Maghnia Photography of the Microstructure Bentonite of Maghnia

9. Designation Identification Bentonite of Maghnia Natural water content (%) (1) 8,5 Specific density of solid grains. Gs (2) 2.72 Percentage of particles< à 80µm (3) 100 Percentage of particles C2< à 2µm (3) 42.5 Liquidity limit. Wl(%) (4) 240 Plasticity limit Wp(%) (4) 43 Plasticity index Ip (%) (4) 197 Consistency index Ic (%) (4) 1.18 Withdrawal limit Lr (%) (5) 10.24 Withdrawal index Ir (%) (5) 229.76 Activity (%) Ac (6) 6.06 Free swelling (ml) (7) 35 Value of methylene blue test (8) 18.75 specific area(m2/g) (9) 394 pH (10) 10.3 Results of Identification Tests of the Studied Bentonite

10. Designation Identification Sand of Baghlia Percentage of particles< à 80µm (3) 0.25 Specific density of solid grains Gs (2) 2.65 Effective diameter (mm) D10 (3) 0.26 Uniformity coefficient Cu (3) 3.46 Curvature coefficient Cc (3) 0.98 Equivalent of sand ES (%) (11) 97 Value of methylene blue test (8) 0.012 Results of Identification Tests of the Studied Sand

11. Grain-Size distribution curves of two materials used in this study

12. Dry density versus the water content for different concentrations of bentonite

13. Optimal water content versus concentration of bentonite Evolution of maximum dry density versus concentration of bentonite

14. The effect of cycles of climatic variation on sand-bentonite mixtures Hydraulic conductivity versus the bentonite content

15. Mohr-Coulomb straight intrinsic for different percentages of bentonite (CD) Mohr-Coulomb straight intrinsic for different percentages of bentonite (UU)

16. The hydraulic conductivity and friction angle according to the bentonite percentages.

17. C ONCLUSION The performed tests on S/B mixtures, allowed us to draw up the following conclusions:  The content of the optimal water content of the mixtures depends on the increase of the bentonite concentration.  A very low value of permeability (of the order of 10 - 11 m /s), is achieved by introducing of only 6 % of SB. This is explained by a high specific area, an index fairly high plasticity, and a high rate of swelling SB from Maghnia, and therefore a greater of the adsorption capacity.  During the "wetting-drying" cycles, the SB mixtures exhibit good durability vis- a-vis the climatic variations due to the self-healing of this one.  The adding of the SB to the sand generates a reduction of the friction angle (φ) and an increase in the cohesion (C).  Due to the availability of materials in Algeria, its proper behavior towards mechanical, hydraulic and climatic constraints, the optimal mixture is the one compound of 6% of SB, which bestows a dual economic and ecological advantage, for waterproofing systems in coverage or at the bottom of the waste disposal centers.