1. Chapter 9 The Industrial Revolution

2. Essential Question
Discuss the following questions with your neighbors and be prepared to share with the class:
What are some ways that people and goods travel today?

5. Section 1 The Beginnings of Industrialization
Industrial Revolution begins in Britain
Industrial Revolution begins in mid-18th Century England
Agricultural Revolution & Effects
Wealthy landowners buy & enclose land from village farmers=bigger farms
Enclosures increases efficiency & allow experimentation w/ new agricultural methods
Crop rotation increased nutrients in the soil
Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed
Small farmers lose land & become tenant farmers or move to cities for work
Increase food supply & population
Industrial Revolution: increase output of machine-made goods
Enclosures: large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges
Crop rotation: switching crops each year to avoid depleting soil
Livestock breeders: raise farm animals

6. Why England?
Natural resources: water power, coal, iron, rivers, harbors
Expanding economy encourages investment
Banking, loans, climate of prosperity
Political stability
No wars fought on Brit soil in 1700s
Has all needed factors of production:
Land
Labor
Capital
Stability: to be stable, not changing, no chaos
Capital: money needed for investment

7. Why was England 1st to Industrialize
Divide your page into 4 sections
Label each section:
Natural resources
Expanding economy
Political stability
Factors of production
Write a sentence that summarizes each reason
Draw an illustration for each reason

8. Inventions Spur Industrialization
Advances in technology allow production of textile goods to increase
Improvements in Transportation
Road Transportation
British roads are improved & become toll roads
Steam engine
Water Transportation
Steamboat
Canals improve England’s water transportation
Launched Railway Age
Railway Age
Railroads bring transportation of people & materials to new level
Spur industrial growth & create jobs
Cheaper transportation of goods boosts many industries
People move to cities
Textile: cloth produced by weaving
entrepreneur: organizes, manages, takes business risks
Canals: man made rivers
Toll roads: a fee is required in order to use the road

9. Inventions of Industrialization
Inventor
Invention
Significance
Jethro Tull
Seed Drill
Allowed farmers to plant seeds deeper and in rows, producing more crops
Robert Bakewell
Selective Breeding
Farmers only let the best animals breed to produce bigger offspring that had more meat
John Kay
Flying shuttle
Shuttle flew back and forth weaving cloth much faster than a person could
James Hargreaves
Spinning Jenny
Spinning wheel that produced more thread at a faster rate
Richard Arkwright
Water frame
Used water to power the spinning machines
Samuel Crompton
Spinning Mule
Combined the Spinning Jenny and water frame to make better thread
Edmund Cartwright
Power loom
Used water to power weaving machines
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin
Removed seeds from cotton and increased production
James Watt
Steam Engine
Improved the steam engine
Robert Fulton
Steam Boat
Put a steam engine on a boat that allowed it to move up and down rivers
Richard Trevithick
Locomotive
Used steam engine to power the first train

10. The Beginnings of Industrialization Use your book/notebook to explain how each factor contributed to an Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
Agricultural revolution
Increased food supplies led to an increase in population that boosted demand for manufactured goods and provided labor for factories
Abundant natural resources
Britain had the natural resources needed for industrialization: water power, coal, iron ore, rivers, and harbors
Political stability
Enabled Britain to devote its energies and resources to economic expansion, industrialization, and overseas trade; created a climate for progress
Factors of production
Britain had all the resources needed to produce goods and services, including land, labor, & capital
Technological advances in textile industry
Improved the quality & speed of cotton cloth production; boosted profits; spurred other industrial improvements
Entrepreneurs
Provided organization and management skills & took financial risks of developing new businesses
Building of factories
Allowed industry to move out of the home & into a central location
Railroad boom
Provided an inexpensive way to transport raw materials and manufactured products; created new jobs

11. Exit Slip Why was England the 1st country to industrialize?
4 reasons
Name 2 key inventions that furthered the Industrial Revolution?
Name 2 improvements in transportation