1. Section 3 Falling ObjectsFalling Objects Section 3 Falling Objects Chapter 2

2. Section 3 Falling Objects Chapter 2 Objectives Relate the motion of a freely falling body to motion with constant acceleration. Calculate displacement, velocity, and time at various points in the motion of a freely falling object. Compare the motions of different objects in free fall.

3. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Chapter 2 Free Fall Free fall is the motion of a body when only the force due to gravity is acting on the body. The acceleration on an object in free fall is called the acceleration due to gravity, or free- fall acceleration. Free-fall acceleration is denoted with the symbols a g (generally) or g (on Earth’s surface). Section 3 Falling Objects

4. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Free Fall “The Facts” Assumes no air resistance Acceleration is constant for the entire fall Acceleration due to gravity and only gravity Symbol (a g or g ) –Has a value of -9.81 m/s 2 Negative for downward

5. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Free Fall For a ball tossed upward, make predictions for the sign of the velocity and acceleration to complete the chart. Velocity (+, -, or zero) Acceleration (+, -, or zero) When halfway up When at the peak When halfway down +- zero- -- Even when velocity is zero, acceleration due to gravity is -9.81 m/s 2

6. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Chapter 2 Free-Fall Acceleration Free-fall acceleration is the same for all objects, regardless of mass. This book will use the value g = 9.81 m/s 2. Free-fall acceleration on Earth’s surface is –9.81 m/s 2 at all points in the object’s motion. Consider a ball thrown up into the air. –Moving upward: velocity is decreasing, acceleration is –9.81 m/s 2 –Top of path: velocity is zero, acceleration is –9.81 m/s 2 –Moving downward: velocity is increasing, acceleration is –9.81 m/s 2 Section 3 Falling Objects

7. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Graphing Free Fall Based on your present understanding of free fall, sketch a velocity-time graph for a ball that is tossed upward (assuming no air resistance). –Is it a straight line? –If so, what is the slope? Compare your predictions to the graph to the right.

8. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Classroom Practice Problem A ball is thrown straight up into the air at an initial velocity of 25.0 m/s upward. Create a table showing the ball’s position, velocity and acceleration each second for the first 5 s. 20.1+15.2-9.81 t (s) y (m) v (m/s) a (m/s 2 ) 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 30.4+5.4-9.81 30.9-4.4-9.81 21.6-14.2-9.81 2.50-24.0-9.81

9. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Sample Problem Falling Object Jason hits a volleyball so that it moves with an initial velocity of 6.0 m/s straight upward. If the volleyball starts from 2.0 m above the floor, how long will it be in the air before it strikes the floor? Chapter 2 Section 3 Falling Objects

10. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Sample Problem, continued 1. Define Given:Unknown: v i = +6.0 m/s  t = ? a = –g = –9.81 m/s 2  y = –2.0 m Diagram: Place the origin at the Starting point of the ball (y i = 0 at t i = 0). Chapter 2 Section 3 Falling Objects

11. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Why Δy is negative for falling objects? Vertical displacement is determined the same way as horizontal displacement: Δy = y f – y i So, if a ball that free falls is 2 m off the ground, y i = 2 m and y f = 0 m (on the ground). Δy = y f – y i So Δy = 0 m – 2 m = - 2 m Displacement up, north, right, east is positive Displacement down, south, left, west is negative Place the origin at the Starting point of the ball (y i = 0 at t i = 0).

12. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Chapter 2 Sample Problem, continued 2. Plan Choose an equation or situation: Both ∆t and v f are unknown. Therefore, first solve for v f using the equation that does not require time. Then, the equation for v f that does involve time can be used to solve for ∆t. Rearrange the equation to isolate the unknown: Take the square root of the first equation to isolate v f. The second equation must be rearranged to solve for ∆t. Section 3 Falling Objects

13. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Chapter 2 Sample Problem, continued Tip: When you take the square root to find v f, select the negative answer because the ball will be moving toward the floor, in the negative direction. 3. Calculate Substitute the values into the equation and solve: First find the velocity of the ball at the moment that it hits the floor. Section 3 Falling Objects

14. Motion in One DimensionSection 3 Chapter 2 Sample Problem, continued 4. Evaluate The solution, 1.50 s, is a reasonable amount of time for the ball to be in the air. Next, use this value of v f in the second equation to solve for ∆t. Section 3 Falling Objects